Effect of trimethylgallic acid esters against chronic stress-induced anxiety-like behavior and oxidative stress in mice |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Center of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS) in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India;2. School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago;3. Swift School of Pharmacy, Swift Group of Colleges, Rajpura, India;4. Department of Chemistry, UGC Center of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS) in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India;1. Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil;2. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA;3. Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Hospital (Health Science Centre), Londrina State University, Parana, Brazil;1. Department of Pharmacological Screening, Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland;2. Chair of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland;3. Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland;4. Chair of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland;5. Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences and Center of Excellence in Neuropsychopharmacology, Krakow, Poland;1. Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland;2. Psychiatric Ward, “Zdroje” Hospital, Szczecin, Poland;3. The Province Hospital for the Nervously and Mentally Ill, “Dziekanka”, Gniezno, Poland;4. The Province Hospital for the Nervously and Mentally Ill, Cibórz, Poland;5. Psychiatric Ward, District Hospital, Złotów, Poland;6. Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland;7. Psychiatric Ward, 105th Military Hospital, Żary, Poland;8. Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundMany studies have shown that the levels of oxidative stress (increased lipid peroxidation, decreased glutathione levels and endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities) and proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α) are increased in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Gallic acid and other phenolic compounds are potent antioxidants and inhibitor of cytokine production. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of newly synthesized conjugated esters of trimethylgallic acid in an experimental model of chronic stress.MethodsThe animals were forced to swim individually for a period of 6 min every day for 15 days to induce chronic stress. The locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and memory retention were evaluated in chronically stressed animals, followed by biochemical estimations and neuroinflammatory surge in the brain.ResultsChronic treatment with trimethylgallic acid esters for 15 days significantly reversed the chronic stress-induced behavioral (impaired locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and decreased percentage of memory retention), biochemical (increased lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels; decreased glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities), and inflammation surge (serum TNF-α) in stressed mice.ConclusionsThe study revealed that trimethylgallic acid esters could ameliorate chronic stress-induced various behavioral and biochemical alterations in mice, showing protective effects against chronic stress. |
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| Keywords: | Trimethylgallic acid esters Chronic stress Chronic fatigue syndrome Antianxiety Neuroinflammation TNF-a |
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