植物多糖抗抑郁作用机制和构效关系的研究进展

抑郁症已成为严重的全球健康问题。以化学药物为主的临床治疗方案呈现出不同程度的不良反应和耐药性。植物多糖来源丰富,是研究最广泛的一种多糖类物质,具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗衰老、抗抑郁等多种生物活性。植物多糖可以通过调节神经递质及其受体表达、炎症反应、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、神经营养因子、抗氧化应激损伤以及调节色氨酸代谢、肠道菌群发挥抗抑郁作用。植物多糖结构与抗抑郁功效关系的大多数研究仅仅停留在描述其单糖组成,单糖在植物多糖抗抑郁功效中发挥的作用还未涉及。因此就植物多糖的抗抑郁作用机制、相关信号通路以及构效关系进行综述,为用于抗抑郁植物多糖产品的开发提供参考。

Research progress on antidepressant effects mechanism of plant polysaccharides and its structure-activity relationship

Depression has become a serious global health problem. Clinical use of chemical drugs for treatment presents varying degrees of adverse reactions and drug resistance. As one of the most widely studied polysaccharides, plant polysaccharides are rich in sources and have various biological activities such as anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, anti-aging, anti-depression and other effects. Plant polysaccharides play an anti-depression role by regulating the expression of neurotransmitters and their receptors,inflammatory response, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis(HPA), neurotrophic factors, antioxidant stress injury, and regulating tryptophan metabolism and intestinal flora. Most studies on the relationship between the structure of plant polysaccharides and their antidepressant effects have only focused on describing their monosaccharide composition, and the role of monosaccharides in the antidepressant effects of plant polysaccharides is not yet known. This article reviews the antidepressant mechanisms, related signaling pathways, and structure-activity relationships of plant polysaccharides, hoping to provide reference for the development of antidepressant plant polysaccharide products.