In vitro characterisation of arterial stiffening: From the macro- to the nano-scale |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany;2. Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, University of Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany;3. Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Saint Bonifatius Hospital, Lingen/Ems, Germany;1. Vascular Surgery Department, Parc Tauli University Hospital, Sabadell, Spain;2. General Surgery Department, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida;3. University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida;4. Pediatric Surgery Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain;5. Vascular Surgery Department. Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Badalona, Spain;6. Tissue Transplant, Catalan Organization of Transplants, Barcelona, Spain;7. Cardiovascular Surgery Deparment, Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Barcelona, Spain;8. Vascular Surgery Department, Hospital Universitari Joser Trueta, Girona, Spain;1. Chongqing Institution of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, 266 Fangzheng Ave, Beibei District, Chongqing 400714, China;2. Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, BLK EA, #04-06, Control lab 1, NUS 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore;1. Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Department of Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China;2. The School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China;3. Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Akron, OH 44325-3905, USA;1. Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada;2. Department of Physics, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada;3. Department of Chemistry, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada;4. Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada;5. Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California;6. Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Nashville, Tennessee;7. Vanderbilt Center for Matrix Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;8. Department of Biochemistry, Nashville, Tennessee;9. Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Nashville, Tennessee;10. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Nashville, Tennessee;11. Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee;12. Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee |
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| Abstract: | Accurate measurement of the material properties of arterial tissue is important for better characterisation of diseases and the development of reliable computational models. There are a number of in vitro techniques that are applied to study the biomechanical properties of arterial tissue. This review article presents data obtained using tensile testing, nanoindentation, scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Each of these techniques provides material property information at a different spatial resolution and in many ways are complementary techniques. The lack of consensus in the literature with regard to the appropriate stress and strain definitions that should be used when reporting tensile testing data is also highlighted. The potential of higher spatial resolution techniques, which provide data at micro-scale (nanoindentation and SAM) and nano-scale (AFM) for application to the characterisation of human aortic tissue are discussed. Finally, studies, which have examined age-related changed in the aorta at these different length scales, are highlighted. |
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| Keywords: | Material properties In vitro mechanical testing Arterial stiffening Tensile testing Nanoindentation Atomic force microscopy Scanning acoustic microscopy Ageing |
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