丹参现代研究概况与进展(续一)

近年来，对丹参的生物学特点、化学成分、药理活性、作用机制、临床制剂和临床用途等方面的研究均取得了较大进展。研究结果表明，不同产地的丹参含有的化学成分有明显的差异，是造成其临床效果不一的主要原因。丹参含有多种化学成分，可以分为丹参酮和丹酚酸两大类化合物。丹参酮类化合物多数有二萜结构，目前分离鉴定的化合物有30余种；丹酚酸类化合物多具有酚酸结构，结构明确的丹酚酸有20余种，这些化合物构成了丹参的有效成分，是丹参发挥治疗作用的物质基础。丹参有效成分的主要药理作用表现在多个方面，丹参酮类化合物以改善血液循环、抗菌和抗炎作用为主； 而丹酚酸类化合物则以抗氧化、抗凝血和细胞保护作用特别突出。利用丹参已经研究成功多种临床应用的药物，包括注射剂、口服制剂等20余种，分别用于治疗心血管系统疾病、皮肤病、肝肾疾病等，并取得良好效果。

The General Situation and Progress of the Modern Research of Red Sage Root (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae)

Red sage root (Radix salviae miltiorrhizae) is one of the common traditional Chinese medicines clinically used to treat cardiovascular diseases for thousands of years. Indications of red sage root documented in the ancient Chinese pharmacopoeia or monographs are to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis in the treatment of dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, abdominal masses due to stasis of blood, carbuncles and ulcers. Red sage root has also been used in the treatment of coronary heart disease. Major progress has been achieved in the recent research of red sage root with respect to its biological features, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, mechanisms of action, clinical preparation and clinical application. It has been shown that red sage roots from different growing areas may have distinct differences in their chemical constituents, and this is the main reason why their clinical therapeutic effects vary. Red sage root contains many kinds of chemical constituents, which may be classified into 2 major groups of chemical compounds, namely tashinones and salvionolic acids. Most of the tashinone compounds are provided with a diterpine struclure. More than 30 kinds of tashinone compounds have so far been separated and identified. Different salvionolic acids are mostly provided with a phenolic acid structure. More than 20 kinds of salvionolic acids with identified structures have been demonstrated. These chemical compounds compose the active principles of red sage root and the material basis for the drug to exert its therapeutic effects. The major pharmacological effects of the active principles of red sage root are manifested in many aspects. The main effects of tanshinone compounds are to promote blood circulation, combat bacteria and counteract inflammation, while the most prominent effects of salvionolic acid compounds have been shown to be antioxidation, anti-blood coagulation and cell protection. Many drugs derived from red sage root have been developed for clinical application. These include more than 20 kinds of injections and oral medicines separately used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, skin diseases and diseases of the liver and kindney with promising therapeutic effects.