Neuropsychological characteristics of adults with ADHD: a comprehensive review of initial studies

The role of neuropsychological evaluation in the diagnosis of adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a growing area of research and clinical interest. Our review of the literature indicates that adults with ADHD demonstrate subtle impairments on select measures of attention and executive functions, auditory-verbal list learning, and complex information processing speed relative to normal controls. The validity of these findings is nonetheless hampered by several limitations, including methodological and sample variability, a restricted range of interpretive techniques, and uncertain discriminant validity. Recommendations are offered to advance the cognitive and neurobehavioral understanding of this disorder and to enhance the utility of neuropsychological methods for diagnosis and management of adults with ADHD.