智障儿童眼部筛查结果与分析

目的 通过对温州地区特殊学校就读的智障儿童进行眼部健康筛查,了解智障儿童的眼部健康问题,分析相关因素,以提供相应的视觉矫正和治疗措施,及探索如何为智障儿童的眼部健康提供有效的服务.方法 调查研究.对在温州地区特殊学校就读的342名智障儿童进行眼部健康筛查,内容包括：一般信息、视力检查、眼位检查、色觉检查、眼前段检查、内眼检查以及屈光不正检查.采用Excel软件对数据进行整理、归纳和求百分比.并针对存在的视觉问题作出相应的分析和医学处理.结果 筛查患儿智力残疾为轻度至中度,心理与情绪等适应能力轻度或中度障碍,能参与部分社区活动.眼科检查发现,正视眼占46.6%,屈光不正均以低度屈光不正状态为主,大部分能通过眼镜矫正达到5.0 眼位检查显示正位眼占67.2%,隐斜视占12.9% 色觉正常者占81.9%,色觉存在明显异常者占6.4% 外眼及眼前段检查未发现明显异常者占92.7% 内眼检查未发现明显异常者占81.1%.这些患儿眼部的异常主要是眼球震颤（占50.0%）和白内障（占28.3%）.结论 智障儿童的眼部问题现患率比普通儿童高,但还是以屈光不正、眼球震颤、白内障等为主,大多为可矫正和可康复的,可以通过眼镜、手术或视觉康复等提高视功能.

Analysis of the ocular status of children with intellectual disabilities

Objective To screen the ocular status and related factors of intellectually disabled children while offering correction and other appropriate treatment; to understand how to improve access and vision care for these children. Methods Investigation study. Three hundred forty-two students with intellectual disabilities from special schools in the city of Wenzhou and nearby areas attended this health screening. Vision screening included health history, visual acuity, cover test,color vision, eye health, retinoscopy and refraction. Results The children who were screened had mild to moderate intellectual disability. Their psychological and emotional status enabled them to participate in general health exams and communication. About 46.6% of the children were emmetropic. Most of the refractive errors could be corrected with spectacles. A strabismus test showed 67.2% ortho and 12.9% heterophoria. 81.9% of the children had normal color vision and 6.4% had a severe abnormality. Eye exams showed 92.7% had a normal anterior segment and 81.1% had a normal posterior segment. Nystagmus (50.0%) and cataract (28.3%) were the two leading pathological problems. Conclusion In a population of children with intellectual disabilities, refractive errors were the most prevalent condition, followed by nystagmus and cataract. Most of these visual errors could be corrected and visual function could be improved with spectacles, surgery or vision training.Children with intellectual disabilities need more vision and general health care from society.