定西市2005年出生儿童乙型肝炎疫苗首针及时接种率及影响因素调查

目的]寻找影响定西市新生儿乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗首针(HepB1)及时接种的因素,探索提高贫困山区新生儿HepB1及时接种率的方法。方法]通过查阅资料、入户调查、问卷调查等方式收集相关资料。结果]共调查2005年出生新生儿840名,住院分娩率48.93%,HepB1及时接种率61.31%,其中住院分娩新生儿HepB1及时接种率88.56%,在家分娩新生儿HepB1及时接种率35.20%。未住院分娩的原因主要是住院费用太高、离医院太远和认为住院分娩没有必要(占87.18%)。村级接种工作仍以入户接种(占82.16%)为主,从所在村到乡镇卫生院领取疫苗和入户接种主要通过步行(分别占43.11%和68.58%)完成。结论]定西市2005年新生儿HepB1及时接种率处于较低水平。主要影响因素是经济文化落后、新生儿住院分娩率较低、免疫规划宣传不够、对辖区内的孕产妇和新生儿摸底不清等。今后要通过加大宣传教育力度、开展孕产妇和新生儿入户调查摸底、加强与妇幼机构和妇检机构的合作等措施,进一步提高新生儿HepB1及时接种率。

Analysis on timely rate of first HepB1 immunication shot and influence factors among new-born infants in 2005 in Dingxi

Objectives To learn about the influence factors about first dose of timely HepB1 immunication shot and explore the methods for improving the shot rate in new-born Infants in mountainous areas. Methods Literature review, household survey and questionnaire were applied to collect relevant information. Results Among 840 newborns in 2005, the hospitalized delivery rate was 48.93%, and total first HepB1 timely vaccination rate was 61.31% with 88.56% and 35.20% in length of hospital stay childbirth neonatal and home-birth newborns respectively. The main reasons for not hospitalized birth were high hospitalizatio cost, bad transport to the hospital and awareness with no necessary to be hospitalized birth （accounting for 87.18%）. Most of the vaccinations were based on village and home shot （accounting for 82.16%）. Mlost of village health care workers go to township hospital to get the vaccines and deliver the vaccine shot in infants home by walk （respectively accounting for 43.11% and 68.58%）.Conclusions The rate of the neonates born in 2005 with the HepB1 vaccination timely is very low. The main factors were poor economic status and educational background, low rate of hospitalized delivery, lack of enough public education programs on immunization, unclear local maternal and neonatal numbers and so on. The timely vaccination rate of HepBl should be improved through increasing publicity and education efforts, investigating the maternal and neonatal numbers by household visit, strengthening the cooperation with the maternal and neonatal institutions and agencies.