吸烟和交通废气污染联合作用对交通警察健康影响的研究

目的 调查唐山市交通废气污染现状，探讨吸烟和交通废气污染联合作用对交通警察的健康影响。方法 选择三个有代表性路口进行环境监测，包括可吸入性颗粒物(IP)、氮氧化物(NOx)、一氧化碳(CO)、总烃(CmHn)和铅尘(Pb)浓度。采用现况研究的方法，以唐山市196名男性外勤交通警察(外勤警)和148名男性内勤交通警察(内勤警)为研究对象，进行问卷调查和各种症状的体检，并测定了血碳氧血红蛋白饱和度(HbCO%)、肺最大呼气流速(PEF)，抽样测定部分调查对象血铅含量。结果各监测点的CO、NOx的浓度明显超标，Pb尘差异无显著性。外勤警的各种症状出现率、HbCO％显著高于内勤警，PET低于内勤警，血Pb差异无显著性。按是否吸烟分层后，内、外勤警中吸烟者的各症状出现率、HbCO％均高于不吸烟者，PET低于不吸烟者；吸烟内勤警的神经衰弱及心血管系统症状出现率、血铅甚至高于不吸烟的外勤警。结论交通废气污染是引起外勤警症状出现率升高、HbCO％升高、PET下降的一个重要因素，吸烟可使神经衰弱、心血管系统症状出现率、血铅增高更明显。吸烟和交通废气污染联合作用加重了对吸烟外勤警的健康损害。

Study on health effects of cigarette smoking and traffic air pollution on traffic police

Objective To investigate the status of traffic air pollution and adverse effects of cigarette smoking and traffic air pollution on traffic police in Tangshan. Methods Three representative cross roads were selected and monitored. The monitoring indexes included the concentration of inhalative particles (IP), NO x, CO, C mH n and Pb. With the method of cross sectional study, health status of 196 outdoor and 148 indoor traffic police were investigated by means of questionnaires. At the same time, their HbCO% and PEF were measured. Blood lead were measured in some randomly chosen traffic police. Results The concentration of CO, NO x significantly exceed the standards. There was no difference in lead pollution level. The incidences of symptoms and HbCO% were significantly higher while PEF was lower in outdoor police than they were in indoor ones. After sorted by smoking, the results were similar. The incidences of symptom, HbCO% and blood lead of the smokers were significantly higher while PET was lower than those of non smokers. The incidences of some symptoms and blood lead level of traffic police who were smokers and worked indoor were significantly higher than those of outdoor non smokers. Conclusion Traffic air pollution increased the incidence of symptom, HbCO% and decreased PEF in the outdoor traffic policemen. Cigarette smoking increased the level of blood lead. Smoking aggravated the damage of traffic air pollution on the health of traffic police who were smokers and worked outdoor.