In vitro myelotoxicity assessment of the emerging mycotoxins Beauvericin, Enniatin b and Moniliformin on human hematopoietic progenitors

The aim of this study was to screen potential myelotoxicity of the emerging mycotoxins Beauvericin, Enniatin b and Moniliformin using human hematopoietic progenitor clonogenic assays.Depending on mycotoxins, inhibitory effects on proliferation of white blood cells progenitors (CFU-GM), platelet progenitors (CFU-MK) and red blood cells progenitors (BFU-E) have been detected at various concentrations. Beauvericin was cytotoxic at 32 μM, 3.2 μM and 6.4 μM, had no effect on proliferation in the presence of 0.032 μM, 0.16 μM and 0.064 μM, and the IC₅₀ was equal to 3.4 μM, 0.7 μM and 3.7 μM for CFU-GM, CFU-MK and BFU-E, respectively. Enniatin b was cytotoxic at 6 μM, 1.8 μM and 5 μM, had no effect on proliferation in the presence of 1 μM, 1.1 μM and 1.2 μM and the IC₅₀ was equal to 4.4 μM, 1.3 μM and 3.3 μM for CFU-GM, CFU-MK and BFU-E, respectively. Moniliformin was not cytotoxic at tested concentrations for CFU-GM and CFU-MK and cytotoxic at 10 μM for BFU-E, had no effect on proliferation in the presence of 5 μM, 0.1 μM and 0.1 μM and the IC₅₀ was equal to 31 μM, 39 μM and 4.1 μM for CFU-GM, CFU-MK and BFU-E, respectively.Inhibition of the BFU-E differentiation has been observed in the presence of Enniatin b or Moniliformin. For the three mycotoxins, variation of distribution of CFU-MK colonies according to their size has been observed. These in vitro effects may be responsible for in vivo hematological troubles in case of consumption of contaminated commodities. In vivo studies have to be performed to test this hypothesis.