Interpenetrating networks based on gelatin methacrylamide and PEG formed using concurrent thiol click chemistries for hydrogel tissue engineering scaffolds |
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Authors: | Michael A. Daniele,André A. Adams,Jawad Naciri,Stella H. North,Frances S. Ligler |
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Affiliation: | 1. National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council Postdoctoral Associate, Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave, SW Washington, DC 20375, USA;2. Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave, SW Washington, DC 20375, USA |
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Abstract: | The integration of biological extracellular matrix (ECM) components and synthetic materials is a promising pathway to fabricate the next generation of hydrogel-based tissue scaffolds that more accurately emulate the microscale heterogeneity of natural ECM. We report the development of a bio/synthetic interpenetrating network (BioSINx), containing gelatin methacrylamide (GelMA) polymerized within a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) framework to form a mechanically robust network capable of supporting both internal cell encapsulation and surface cell adherence. The covalently crosslinked PEG network was formed by thiol-yne coupling, while the bioactive GelMA was integrated using a concurrent thiol-ene coupling reaction. The physical properties (i.e. swelling, modulus) of BioSINx were compared to both PEG networks with physically-incorporated gelatin (BioSINP) and homogenous hydrogels. BioSINx displayed superior physical properties and significantly lower gelatin dissolution. These benefits led to enhanced cytocompatibility for both cell adhesion and encapsulation; furthermore, the increased physical strength provided for the generation of a micro-engineered tissue scaffold. Endothelial cells showed extensive cytoplasmic spreading and the formation of cellular adhesion sites when cultured onto BioSINx; moreover, both encapsulated and adherent cells showed sustained viability and proliferation. |
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Keywords: | Interpenetrating network (IPN) Extracellular matrix Thiol-yne Click chemistry Gelatin Poly(ethylene glycol) |
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