先天性视网膜血管变异的临床特征分析

目的 探讨先天性视网膜血管变异的分类及临床特征。 方法 对诊断为先天性视网膜血管变异的9例（12只眼）患者全部进行全身、眼部、眼底彩色照相、荧光素眼底血管造影( fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)检查，其中3例（4只眼）同时行吲哚青绿血管造影(indocyanine green angiography, ICGA)检查。 结果 8例10只眼的血管变异位于视网膜后极部，1例2只眼血管变异从后极部延伸至中周部。先天性视网膜血管变异有以下几种类型 :(1)先天性视网膜粗大血管1例（1只眼）;(2)先天性视网膜小动脉纡曲2例（3只眼）;(3)先天 性视网膜静脉纡曲1例(2 只眼) ;(4)先天性视盘及视网膜前血管袢5例(6只眼)，其中伴有Val salva动作导致自发性视网膜出血有4例(5只眼)。 结论 先天性视网膜血管变异常好发于视网膜后极部，变异可发生在视网膜动脉或静脉，并可因Valsalva动作诱发自发性出血。 （中华眼底病杂志，2003，19：269-332）

Clinical characters of congenital retinal vascular anomalies

Objective To detect the clinical characters and the classification of the congenital retinal vascular anomalies. Methods Nine cases (12 eyes) of congenital retinal vascular anomalies were exa- mined by ocular examination and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), in which 3 cases (4 eyes) were examined by indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) simultaneously. Results The congenital retinal vascular anomalies were located at the posterior pole in 8 cases (10 eyes), and extended to peripheral retina in 1 case (2 eyes). Congenital retinal vascular anomalies were classified as follows: congenital retinal macrovessel (1 case, 1 eye); congenital retinal arteriolar tortuosity (2 cases, 3 eyes); inherited retinal venous beading (1 case, 2 eyes); and congenital prepapillary vascular loops (5 cases, 6 eyes). Four cases (5 eyes) were associated with spontaneous hemorrhage induced by physical exertion (Valsalva maneuver). Conclusion Most of the congenital retinal anomalies are located at the posterior pole, involving arteries and veins, and can be associated with spontaneous hemorrhage induced by Valsalva maneuver.