Evaluation of in vivo antihypertensive and in vitro vasodepressor activities of the leaf extract of Syzygium guineense (Willd) D.C

The aim of this work was to evaluate the antihypertensive activity of the hydroalcohol extract of the leaves of Syzygium guineense (Willd) D.C. (Myrtaceae) in a 1-kidney-1-clip rat model and its vasorelaxant effect on isolated aorta. The extract reduced blood pressure in a dose and time dependent fashion. Following 3 days of treatment, single oral daily doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg caused an overall reduction (p < 0.05) of systolic blood pressure by 6.9, 34.0 and 40.8 mmHg, respectively. The diastolic blood pressure was, however, significantly reduced (p < 0.05) by 100 mg/kg (10.3 mmHg) and 150 mg/kg (18.4 mmHg) doses only. The mean blood pressure was reduced by 5.0, 18.3 and 25.9 mmHg by the respective doses. The extract also caused a dose-dependent relaxation of aorta precontracted with KCl at a concentration of 5-70 mg/mL, with a maximum relaxation of 56.22% achieved at 70 mg/mL concentration. The relaxation mechanism was found to be independent of the endothelium system, muscarinic receptors, histamine receptors, ATP dependent K(+) channels, cyclooxygenase enzymes and cGMP/NO pathway. The findings suggest that the extract had an antihypertensive effect most likely caused by dilation of the blood vessels, a confirmation for the folkloric use of the plant.