Appraised control, coping, and stress in a community sample: A test of the goodness-of-fit hypothesis |
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Authors: | Sandra G Zakowski PhD Martica H Hall PhD Laura Cousino Klein PhD Andrew Baum PhD |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Psychology, Finch University of Health Sciences/The Chicago Medical School, 3333 Green Bay Road, 60064 North Chicago, IL;(2) Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, USA;(3) Pennsylvania State University, USA |
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Abstract: | Lazarus and Folkman proposed one of the most comprehensive theories of stress and coping in the psychology literature, but
many of their postulates have received little empirical attention, and some of the existing research has yielded contradictory
findings. This longitudinal study sought to clarify the associations among control appraisal, coping, and stress within this
theoretical framework. The theory postulates that coping strategies used tend to match the level of appraised controllability
of the stressor (matching hypothesis). It further states that the effects of problem-focused versus emotion-focused coping
are moderated by the appraised controllability of the stressor (goodness-of-fit hypothesis). An alternative to the latter
is the main-effects hypothesis, which states that problem-focused coping is generally more effective in reducing distress
regardless of appraisal. These hypotheses were tested on 72 adults who completed questionnaires on coping and control appraisal.
Stress was assessed using self-report (Symptom Checklist-90-Revised) and a behavioral measure (proofreading task) at two times
approximately 2 months apart. Appraised control significantly predicted type of coping such that greater control was associated
with more problem-focused and less emotion-focused coping. Although the main-effects hypothesis was not supported, the goodness-of-fit
hypothesis was partly confirmed by a significant control by emotion-focused coping interaction predicting both self-report
and behavioral measures of stress.
We acknowledge Laura Redwine, Ph.D. for her contributions to the research project; Michele Hayward, M.S. and Janel Alberts,
M.S. for their help with data processing; and Kimberly Laubmeier, M.S. for her comments on an earlier version of the article. |
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