银川市第一人民医院1999-2004年医院感染监测和控制的调查研究

目的为了解住院病人医院感染的特点，提高医院感染的监测控制工作质量，降低医院感染的发生率。方法对近五年来医院感染工作进行了全面的回顾性调查研究。结果五年来医院感染发生率控制在3.89%-5.01%之间，漏报率逐年降低。感梁部位以上呼吸道、下呼吸道及泌尿道感染为主：医院感染发生率较高的科室依次为ICＵ、肿瘤内科、血液内科及神经内科等：Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类手术切口的医院感染发生率依次逐步增高，但纵向比较呈现为逐年降低；医院感染的病原体依次为真菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、橡橼酸杆菌等；各项卫生学指标监测基本呈现出合格率逐年提高的趋势。强论医院感染发病率基线的建立，可做为评价医院感染控制工作的重要标准；现阶段应该加强对各项医院感染控制制度的落实；加强对医务人员医院感染知识的培训，规范各项技术操作规范，掌握自我防护知道；制定医务人员感染控制指南，完善对特殊岗位医务人员的疫苗接种制度等。

Study on the hospital infection control and surveillance of 1999-2004 in Yinchuan People''''s Hospital

Objective To understand the characteristic of hospital infection (HI) in inpatient, intensify hospital infection surveillance and control, reduce the incidence of hospital infection.Methods A overall retrospective survey and analysis of HI were conducted.Results In this 5 years, incidence of HI was between 3.89% to 5.01%.The reporting rate was increasing year by year; the most frequent site of HI was upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract and urinary tract; ICU has the highest incidence in medical department, followed by department of oncology, hematology and neurology; surgical site infection(SSI) increased along with the classification of surgical site contamination, the overall incidence of SSI reduced yearly; the pathogens isolated were mainly Fungi, Staphylococcus aureus and Citrobacter in turn; hygienic surveillance show that the percentage of sterilization and disinfection qualified has risen steadily in this years.Conclusion The baseline of HI incidence must be established to evaluate the quality of HI control ; nowadays hospital staff must obey the regulation of disinfection and isolation, and comply with germfree procedure in clinical practice; it is also very important to train medical care person to master the basic knowledge of HI, protect both the patients and themselves from being infected in clinical practice.