Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in octogenarians

OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and short- and long-term outcomes of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in octogenarians. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of clinical series. SETTING: Referral-based university medical center. PATIENTS: Consecutive series of 54 octogenarian patients (mean age, 82.4 years) who had percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty between March 1980 and December 1988. Of these patients, 91% presented with severe angina (Canadian Cardiovascular Society Class III or IV); 59% had unstable angina. Twenty-six patients (48%) had had a previous myocardial infarction and 15 (28%) had had previous coronary artery bypass surgery. Multivessel disease was present in 44 patients (81%). Follow-up ranged from 1 to 50 months (mean, 19 months). INTERVENTION: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. MEASUREMENTS and MAIN RESULTS: The angiographic success rate was 50 of 54 (93%; 95% CI, 81% to 98%) and the clinical success rate was 49 of 54 (91%; CI, 79% to 97%). Two patients had procedure-related myocardial infarction. Two patients died in the hospital, 1 from cardiac tamponade because of pacemaker perforation and 1 from cardiogenic shock after a myocardial infarction despite successful angioplasty. During the follow-up period 4 patients required bypass surgery, 2 had myocardial infarction, and 7 died (4 deaths were cardiac). Eleven patients (20%) had re-stenosis, 7 of whom were managed with repeat angioplasty, including 1 patient who had four procedures. At follow-up, 42 of 45 survivors (93%) were asymptomatic or had class II angina. The Kaplan-Meier survival for all patients, including those who died in the hospital, was 87% at 1 year and 80% at 3 years. Cumulative freedom from major cardiac events (death, myocardial infarction, or coronary bypass surgery) was 81% at 1 year and 78% at 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty can be done in octogenarians with a high rate of angiographic and clinical success, low complication rate, and a favorable long-term (3-year) outcome. As such, it is a treatment option in managing advanced coronary artery disease in this fragile group of patients.