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Thermoresponsive hydrogels in biomedical applications: A seven-year update
Institution:1. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan;2. Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan;1. MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China;2. Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;3. Department of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Abstract:Thermally responsive hydrogels modulate their gelation behavior upon temperature change. Aqueous solutions solidify into hydrogels when a critical temperature is reached. In biomedical applications, the change from ambient temperature to physiological temperature can be employed. Their potential as in situ forming biomaterials has rendered these hydrogels very attractive. Advances in drug delivery, tissue engineering and cell sheet engineering have been made in recent years with the use of thermoresponsive hydrogels. The scope of this article is to review the literature on thermosensitive hydrogels published over the past seven years. The article concentrates on natural polymers as well as synthetic polymers, including systems based on N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), poly(ethylene oxide)–b-poly(propylene oxide)–b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO–PPO–PEO), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-biodegradable polyester copolymers, poly(organophosphazenes) and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA).
Keywords:Thermosensitive hydrogels  Drug delivery  Tissue engineering  Cell sheet engineering  Lower critical solution temperature  Sol–gel transition
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