社区脑卒中患者处理能力及主要照顾者的照顾能力

背景 脑卒中是造成人类死亡和残疾的主要疾病之一，我国卫生部已把康复作为社区卫生服务六位一体功能之一,实施社区康复、家庭康复已势在必行。 目的 通过对社区脑卒中患者自理能力及主要照顾者照顾能力现状的调查，分析其相关影响因素，为制定系统化、标准化、个性化和家庭化的护理方案，完善我国社区康复培训模式，提高脑卒中患者生活质量提供依据。 设计，时间和单位 于2009年1月～2009年4月对上海某两个社区的研究对象进行描述性研究。 对象 上海某两个社区病程在6个月～2年的脑卒中患者60名。 方法 方便抽样法。描述性研究。应用SPSS11.5软件处理数据。 主要观察指标 对研究对象的一般资料、疾病情况、康复训练情况、自理能力及照顾者照顾能力情况进行调查评定。 结果 63.3%脑卒中患者自理能力水平中等，只有36.7%处于高等；照顾者的照顾水平5.0%处于低等，51.7%处于中等，仅43.3%处于高等；参加过社区康复训练的脑卒中患者人数为28名（46.7%），从未参加过社区康复训练的人数为32名（53.3%）；患者的自理能力与年龄、病程、文化程度、收入、是否参加过康复训练等具有相关性。 结论 社区脑卒中患者自理能力及主要照顾者照顾能力不容乐观，参加康复训练的普及率不高，需加强康复训练的指导。

Self-care in stroke patients and the capability of primary caregivers

Stroke rehabilitation, especially for patients with sequelae, lacks practicable rehabilitation training methods. Using the convenience sampling method, self-care ability in 60 stroke patients was investigated for 6 months to 2 years post-stroke (sequelae stage), as well as the capability of primary caregivers selected from two communities in Shanghai, China. Influential factors were analyzed. Results demonstrated that only 37% of stroke patients exhibited strong self-care ability, and 43% of primary caregivers provided high levels of care. Results also demonstrated that self-care ability in stroke patients, as well as the capability of primary caregivers, should be improved. A total of 47% of stroke patients participated in community rehabilitation training, and self-care ability was significantly better in this group than in patients who did not receive rehabilitation training. Thus it is necessary to develop systematic, individualized, and family-based rehabilitative strategies to improve community rehabilitation training modes and strengthen rehabilitation guidance for patients and caregivers.