全颜面部深度烧伤的临床治疗

目的探讨提高患者全颜面部深度烧伤创面修复质量的处理方式。方法将54例全颜面部深度烧伤患者分为延期植皮组(48例)和早期切痂组(6例)。伤后3周对延期植皮组患者实施剥、削痂或手术刀柄刮除新生肉芽组织至基底层,在全颜面部分区进行自体中厚皮片移植术;早期切痂组患者于伤后1周行切痂术,其他处理同延期植皮组。观察两组患者首次手术时间、面部手术时间、手术总次数、手术前后血红蛋白(Hb)浓度、术中输血量及出血量,随访观察患者治愈后的情况。结果两组患者的首次手术时间、手术总次数、手术前后Hb浓度及术中输血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0．05)。延期植皮组患者面部手术时间为(21．9±3．2)d,较早期切痂组(12．6±1．3)d晚 (P<0．05);延期植皮组术中出血量(98±52)ml/100 cm2,明显少于早期切痂组(331±121)ml/100 cm2(P<0．01)。延期植皮组患者创面愈合后较早期切痂组面部外观丰满,皮肤弹性好,表情丰富。术后两组患者均出现不同程度小口畸形、双眉缺失,80％的患者出现睑外翻,皮片缝接处遗有增生性瘢痕等,经多次整形手术予以矫正。结论全颜面部深度烧伤患者行自体中厚皮片分区移植,创面无论采用早期切痂,还是延期剥、削痂或完全清除新生肉芽组织至基底层,均可取得较为满意的治疗效果;与前者相比,后者术中出血少,术后外观、功能恢复好;同时术后有效的物理治疗和有计划地进行后遗畸形整形手术,也是保障其治疗效果的重要因素。

Clinical management of deep facial burn

OBJECTIVE: To explore the better clinical methods for the management of deep facial burn with optimal quality. Methods Fifty-four patients with deep facial burns were enrolled in the study and were divided into delayed skin grafting group (n=48) and early escharectomy group (n=6). In delayed grafting group, after the erasion of new born granulation tissue to the basal layer with blade holder or with peel or eschar shaving method at 3 postburn weeks (PBW) according to the eschar separation and granulation growth status, the whole face of the patients were divided into 10 regions and were then covered by split thickness auto skin. The same treatment was performed on the patients in early escharectomy group at 1 PBW. Physical therapy and plastic surgery were applied after skin grafting, and the patients were followed up from 3 month to 11 years. The first operation time, postburn facial operation time, operation times to repair the whole face, blood content of Hb, the amount of blood transfusion and hemorrhage and the prognosis were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: There was no difference between the two groups in regards to the first operation time, the total operation times,blood concentration of Hb before and after operation,and the amount of blood transfusion during the operation (P > 0.05). The operation time in delayed grafting group (21.9 +/- 3.2) d was obviously later than that in early escharectomy group (12.6 +/- 1.3) d, (P < 0.05). And there was evidently less amount of hemorrhage during operation(98 +/- 52) ml/100 cm2 than that in early escharectomy group (331 +/- 121) ml/100 cm2 (P < 0.01). The facial appearance of the patients in delayed grafting group was plump with more elasticity and richer expression compared with those in early grafting group. There exhibited different degrees of microstomia and both eyebrow defect in both groups during and after 1 postoperative year. In addition, mild to moderate ectropion and hypertrophic scar on the conjunction of grafted skin could appear in 80% of these patients. These deformities might be corrected by several times of plastic surgery. CONCLUSION: Based on the principle of arranging skin grafts according to the cosmetic and functional area units, split thickness skin grafting can provide satisfactory results for the repair of deep burn injury involving whole face when the wounds were treated with eschar peeling, tangential excision, escharectomy, granulation tissue scaling, or early escharectomy. In comparison with early escharectomy, eschar peeling, tangential excision, escharectomy, or granulation tissue scaling can get better results with less bleeding, full and round facial appearance, more elasticity of grafted skin and richer facial expression appearance after the operation. Meanwhile, effective physical therapy and scheduled plastic surgery after skin grafting can also be very important in achieving cosmetic results in the repair and reconstruction of whole facial deep burn.