Depersonalization and personality in panic disorder |
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Authors: | Mendoza Lilian Navinés Ricard Crippa José A Fagundo Ana B Gutierrez Fernando Nardi Antonio E Bulbena Antonio Valdés Manuel Martín-Santos Rocío |
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Institution: | aInstitute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;bNeuropsychopharmacology Programme, IMIM-Parc de Salut Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;cDivision of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP-RP), Brazil;dNational Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Brazil;eLaboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
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Abstract: | BackgroundPrevalence and clinical correlates of depersonalization symptoms have been associated with panic disorder. Personality traits might increase the likelihood of experiencing depersonalization symptoms or depersonalization disorder in panic patients.AimsThe objectives of this study are to establish the prevalence of depersonalization symptoms during the panic attack and in depersonalization disorder and to examine the personality factors associated with the presence of depersonalization in patients with panic disorder.MethodsThe sample comprised 104 consecutive adult outpatients with panic disorder, diagnosed according to the Semistructured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (Axis I/II disorders). Participants were assessed with the Cambridge Depersonalization Scales, the Temperament and Character Inventory, and the Panic and Agoraphobia Scale.ResultsForty-eight percent of the sample had depersonalization symptoms during the panic attack, whereas 20% of patients had a depersonalization disorder. Women presented more depersonalization disorders than did men (P = .036). Patients with panic disorder with depersonalization disorder had a more severe panic disorder (P = .002). Logistic regression analysis showed that self-transcendence trait (odds ratio, 1.089; 95% confidence interval, 1.021-1.162; P = .010) and severity of panic (odds ratio, 1.056; 95% confidence interval, 1.005-1.110; P = .032) were independently associated with depersonalization disorder.ConclusionsA high prevalence of depersonalization symptoms and depersonalization disorder was confirmed in patients with panic disorder, supporting a dosage effect model for understanding depersonalization pathology. Self-transcendence trait and severity of panic disorder were reported as risk factors for depersonalization disorder. |
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