Combined dynamic cardiomyoplasty and transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator system.

A transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) was implanted in a patient with drug refractory ventricular fibrillation who had undergone latissimus dorsi cardiomyoplasty. The skeletal muscle was stimulated by a pulse train generator (cardiostimulator) implanted at the time of cardiomyoplasty. With proper programming of the devices neither adverse ICD-cardiostimulator interactions nor device malfunction were observed. Thus, the combined implantation of a cardiostimulator and an ICD is a feasible and safe therapeutic option.