西南地区不同性别、学历、年龄、工龄人群职业紧张比较

目的探讨不同性别、学历、年龄、工龄人群的职业紧张。方法采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R),测试4278例职工的职业紧张、紧张反应、应对资源。结果职业任务、紧张反应总均分及各子项得分(除工作环境、业务、心理紧张反应外):男性均高于女性,且差异有显著性(P<0·01)。自我保健子项:女性显著高于男性(P<0·01),同时在社会支持、人际关系和工作满意度方面女性也高于男性。在年龄方面,40岁~及≥50岁两个组,职业任务总均分及任务过重、任务冲突、责任感、任务不适四个子项得分均显著高,而应对资源子项中,≥50岁组,在社会支持子项得分最低(P<0·05)。在工龄方面,也表现出最长工龄组:≥30年组职业任务总均分及任务过重、任务冲突、责任感等子项得分均高,而应对资源子项中:20年~组在社会支持子项得分最低(P<0·05)。在文化程度方面,低学历组职业任务、紧张反应得分高,而应对资源得分却最低(P<0·05)。结论针对不同性别、年龄、工龄、学历群体的职业紧张源、紧张反应、应对资源,采取有效的干预措施,降低不同职工,特别是中、老年职工的职业紧张,提高职工的劳动能力及生活质量是职业卫生面临的重要任务之一。

Appraisal of occupational stress in different gender, age, work duration, educational level and marital status groups

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to assess occupational stress in different gender, age, work duration, educational level and marital status group. Methods A test of occupational stress in different gender, age, work duration, educational level and marital status group, was carried out with revised occupational stress inventory (OSI-R) for 4278 participants. Results The results of gender show that there are heavier occupational role, stronger interpersonal and physical strain in male than that in female, and the differences are statistically significant (P<0.01). The score of recreation in the male is higher than that in female, but the score of self-care in the female is higher than that in male, and the differences are statistically significant (P<0.01). Difference in the scores of occupational role, personal resource among various age groups is significant (P<0.01). Vocational, interpersonal strain scores among various age groups is significant (P<0.05). The results of educational level analyses suggest that the difference in the scores of occupational stress and strain among various educational levels show statisti-cally significant (P<0.05), whereas there are no statistic significance of coping resources among the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Different measure should be taken to reduce the occupational stress so as to improve the work ability of different groups.