Equal volumes of undiluted nalbuphine and lidocaine and normal diluted saline prevents nalbuphine-induced injection pain |
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Authors: | Fu-Yuan Wang Ya-Chun Shen Mao-Kai Chen Siu-Wah Chau Chia-Ling Ku Yu-Tung Feng Kuang-I. Cheng |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC;3. Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC;4. Graduate Institute of Healthcare Administration, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC |
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Abstract: | ObjectivesTo determine if the intravenous co-administration of equal volumes of lidocaine and nalbuphine, with undiluted normal saline, prevents injection pain caused by nalbuphine.MethodsEighty adult patients who were scheduled for minor surgeries under general anesthesia delivered via a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, single-blind clinical trial. In the saline group (control) (n = 40), 1 mL (10 mg) nalbuphine was diluted with 9 mL normal saline. In the lidocaine group (experimental) (n = 40), 1 mL (10 mg) nalbuphine was diluted with 1 mL lidocaine (20 mg). The two respective nalbuphine solutions were injected into the cephalic vein at a rate of 20 mL/minute (0.33 mL/second). Pain scores were categorized into five grades. Pain responses upon intravenous injection of nalbuphine, site of cannulation, size of the catheter, and hemodynamic responses to nalbuphine were also recorded.ResultsOverall, the median pain score of patients in the lidocaine group was lower than that of the saline group (p < 0.001). In addition, the incidence of injection pain was lower in the lidocaine group than the saline group (2.5% vs. 30%, p = 0.001).ConclusionA solution of equal volumes of lidocaine and nalbuphine can decrease intravenous nalbuphine-induced injection pain. |
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