脊髓性肌萎缩症的基因诊断及其应用研究

目的 对脊髓性肌萎缩症患者及携带者进行基因诊断和产前基因诊断.方法 对26例脊髓性肌萎缩症患者应用PCR-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-restiction fragment length polymorphism,PCR-RFLP)技术检测SMN1基因第7外显子是否缺失;对于患者的父母应用多重PCR结合变性高效液相色谱(denaturing high performance liquid chromatography,DHPLC)的方法进行携带者诊断;而既往生产过患儿的孕妇于孕中期抽取羊水,进行产前基因诊断.结果 26例脊髓性肌萎缩症患者中查出25例存在SMN1基因第7外显子纯合缺失;患者的父母全部为SMN1基因第7外显子杂合缺失携带者;对20名既往生产过患儿的孕妇进行了产前诊断,8名存在SMN1基因第7外显子纯合缺失.结论 PCR-RFLP、多重PCR结合DHPLC技术可应用于患者及携带者基因诊断;PCR-RFLP可用于脊髓性肌萎缩症的产前基因诊断.

Gene diagnosis for spinal muscular atrophy and its application study

Objective To establish an effective testing system for gene diagnosis, carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Methods Twenty-six patients with SMA were directly tested with PCR-RFLP for exon 7 deletion in the SMN1 gene. Carrier detection was carried out with multi-PCR-DHPLC. Amniotic fluid was taken at the middle stage of gestation from pregnant women who had given birth to affected children. Results Twenty-five out of 26 patients were diagnosed as having SMN1 gene deletion. Fifty-two of their parents were found to be carriers of exon 7 deletion. Eight of 20 fetuses were diagnosed as having SMN1 gene deletion by PCR-RFLP. Conclusion PCR-RFLP and multi-PCR-DHPI.C techniques can provide rapid diagnosis for exon 7 deletion detection and carrier detection. PCR-RFLP may also be adapted for prenatal gene diagnosis of exon 7 deletion in SMN1 gene.