东乡族、保安族、裕固族12岁儿童龋齿及相关因素研究

目的了解东乡族、保安族、裕固族12岁儿童龋齿的流行病学情况及相关因素。方法采用2005年第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查制定的口腔健康调查方法，随机抽取448名东乡族、保安族、裕固族12岁儿童进行龋齿流行病学调查、口腔细菌学检测及口腔卫生行为的调查。结果1）东乡族、保安族、裕固族12岁儿童的患龋率分别为40.52％、44.29％、46.45％，龋均分别为0.92、0.90、1.13。2）东乡族和保安族12岁儿童唾液变异链球菌以2级和3级为主，裕固族儿童则以0级和1级为主；东乡族和保安族儿童菌斑变异链球菌的水平高于裕固族。3）裕固族12岁儿童的每天刷牙率高于东乡族和保安族（P＜0.01），东乡族和保安族儿童每天刷牙率之间的差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论东乡族、保安族、裕固族12岁儿童的患龋率较高，有效刷牙率低、牙菌斑不能有效清除可能是儿童患龋率高的主要原因之一。今后在这3个少数民族地区要加强口腔健康教育工作，增加儿童的口腔健康知识。

Study of dental caries and correlated factors of 12-year-old children in Dongxiang, Baoan and Yugu races

Objective To investigate the epidemiology of dental caries and its correlated factors of 12-year-old children in Dongxiang, Baoan and Yugu races. Methods According to the method of third national oral health epidemiologic investigation, 448 12-year-old children in Dongxiang, Baoan and Yugu races were randomly collected and the epidemiological investigation of dental caries, oral bacteriological detection and oral hygiene behavior were carried out. Results 1）The caries prevalence rate of Dongxiang, Baoan and Yugu races were 40.52％, 44.29％, 46.45％, respectively. The average caries of Dongxiang, Baoan and Yugu races were 0.92, 0.90, 1.13, respectively. 2） The main ranks of Streptococcus mutans in saliva were class 2 and class 3 in Dongxiang and Baoan races. However, it was class 0 or class 1 in Yugu race. The level of Streptococcus mutans in dental plaque was higher in Dongxiang and Baoan races than in Yugu race. 3）The children′s everyday brushing rate was higher in Yugu rance than in Dongxiang and Baoan races（P＜0.01）. But there were no difference between Dongxiang and Baoan races. Conclusion The caries prevalence rates of 12-year-old children in Dongxiang, Baoan and Yugu races are high. The main factors of high caries prevalence rate were low brushing rate and dental plaque couldn′t be removed effectively. Oral health education should be strengthened in the three race areas.