昌吉市育龄妇女贫血状况调查分析

目的了解昌吉市育龄妇女贫血患病状况及有关影响因素,提出预防、干预措施。方法采用整群抽样方法,分别对2011年及2012年同期内的昌吉市城区工厂、机关、学校及周边农牧区的15～49周岁育龄妇女共计8709人进行血红蛋白(Hb)检测。选取2011年及2012年在我院住院的316例育龄贫血女患者,给予叶酸、维生素B12、铁蛋白测定,必要时行骨髓穿刺、活检等检查以明确病因。同时进行有关影响因素的问卷调查,进行统计分析。结果在所调查的8 709名育龄妇女中,2011年贫血患病率为18.15%,2012年为19.36%,患病率无明显差异;2011年及2012年的昌吉市城区与周边农牧区贫血患病率均无明显差异;但妊娠期妇女贫血患病率均明显高于育龄期妇女。贫血患者中主要为缺铁性贫血。本调查分析与贫血发生有关的影响因素有年龄、民族、职业、饮奶茶习惯、月经情况、家庭收入情况、既往有无慢性病史、有无伴随消化道症状、工作压力等。结论昌吉市育龄期妇女贫血患病率略低于全国平均患病率,但整体人数仍巨大,尤在妊娠期患病率较高,需对贫血发生的影响因素进行干预,提高育龄期妇女的健康状况。

An investigation on anemia among childbearing women in Changji city

Objective To investigate the prevalance of anemia among childbearing women in Changji city and related factors, prevention and intervention measures were put forward. Methods Adopted cluster sampling method to monitor hemoglobin of these 8 709 childbearing women aged from 15 to 49 years among factories, organ, schools and pastoral areas of urban respectively. Chose hospitalized women patients which with anemia in childbearing age in 2011 and 2012, determinated the folic acid, vitamin B12 and ferritin. If necessary we can perform bone marrow aspiration and biopsy and other tests to clarify the cause. Simultaneously, conducted a questionnaire survey of the related factors, and through statistical analysis. Results In the survey, the prevalenc of anemia was 18.15% in 2011, while the rate was 19.36% in 2012. No significant difference was found in the prevalence between 2011 and 2012, so as the Changji city and the surronding pastoral areas. However, the prevalenc of anemia in pregnant women were significantly higher than women of childbearing age. Iron deficiency anemia was accounted for the mojority of patients with anemia. The investi- gation and analysis of factors related to the occurrence of anemia were age, nationality, occupation, drinking tea habit, menstruation,family income, previous history of chronic diseases, gastrointestinal symptoms and working pres- sure. Conclusion Despite the overall prevalence of anemia among childbearing women was low in Changji, but it was higher in pregnancy, so we must pay attention to it and prevant the main factors affecting anemia.