不同静脉采血方法导致溶血的比较及护理对策

目的比较三种不同静脉采血方法溶血的发生率,找出一种最佳采血方法。方法将2012年1~3月间我院急诊科240例患者随机分为三组,各80例。分别使用10 mL注射器、带延长管的一次性真空采血器和BD真空采血器进行采血,血液标本采集后立即摇匀并送检验科进行检测,血液标本采集过程严格按照护理操作规程进行。结果 10 mL注射器采血法、带延长管的一次性真空采血器采血法和BD真空采血器采血法的溶血率分别为8.75%、6.25%、1.25%。与10mL注射器采血法相比,BD真空采血器采血法的溶血发生率显著降低(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论使用BD真空采血器进行采血,血液样本发生溶血率低,临床尽量使用该方法进行采血,以增加血液样本的合格率,降低患者的痛苦。同时,护理人员应规范操作,降低溶血的发生率。

Comparison of hemolysis and nursing countermeasures of venous blood sampling methods

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hemolysis caused by three different methods for hemospasia. Methods From January to March in 2012, 240 patients hospitalized in the department of emergence medicine of our hospital, were randomly divided into 3 groups （each of 80 cases）. The blood of the patients in three groups were drawn by 10 mL syringe, BD vacuum syringe group and vacuum syringe with extended tube. After collection, blood samples were submitted immediately to clinical laboratory for test. Results The prevalence of hemolysis caused by hemospasia with 10 mL syringe, vacuum syringe with extended tube and BD vacuum syringe were 8.75%, 6.25% and 1.25%, respectively. Compared with the group with hemospasia by 10 mL syringe, the prevalence of hemolysis among the group with hemospasia by BD vacuum syringe was significantly lower （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The prevalence of hemolysis caused by BD vacuum syringe is very low. BD vacuum syringe is the preference for collecting blood samples of patients.