闭合性肾损伤的诊断与治疗

目的 总结闭合性肾损伤的诊治体会，提高闭合性肾损伤的诊治水平，减少肾切除率。方法 189例闭合性肾损伤患者，男146例，女43例。平均年龄38岁。综合应用尿常规、B超、IVU、CT等检查，诊断闭合性肾损伤，其中合并腹腔内脏器损伤27例，合并颅脑外伤5例，合并四肢脊柱骨折13例，3例为腹腔、颅脑与腹腔、脊柱复合伤伴休克。行保守治疗156例，其中有脾破裂3例，颅脑外伤2例，四肢脊柱骨折7例；行手术治疗27例，其中行肾修补术15例，肾部分切除术5例，肾切除7例；3例行肾动脉栓塞治疗。结果3例重度闭合性肾损伤因复合伤、顽固性休克者入院不久死亡，186例痊愈出院。102例随访3个月～8年，保守治疗病例中发生肾性高血压3例，肾周尿囊肿1例，肾萎缩1例，局限性肾积水1例，手术治疗与肾动脉栓塞治疗者均无并发症。结论 CT检查是闭合性肾损伤准确诊断与选择治疗方案的重要依据，Ⅲ级以上闭合性肾损伤伤后2～4周复查CT有利于肾周尿囊肿的早期发现与治疗，Ⅳ级以下闭合性肾损伤尽可能采用非手术治疗。

Diagnosis and treatment of closed renal trauma

Objective To improve the diagnosis and management of closed renal trauma,and to reduce the rate of nephrectomy. Methods A total of 189 cases (146 men and 43 women; mean age,38 years) of closed renal trauma were retrospectively studied. A variety of examinations, including urinary analysis, B-ultrasonography, intravenous urography( IVU) and CT,were used for the diagnosis in these patients. Among them,closed renal trauma was accompanied by celiac viscera injury in 27 cases,by encephalic injury in 5, by fractures of spine and limbs in 13,and by compound trauma and shock in 3. Of the 189 cases, 156 were treated with conservative therapy, including 3 of spleen rupture,2 of encephalic injury,7 of fracture of spine and limbs;27 cases were treated with operation, including 15 with kidney repair,5 with partial nephrectomy, 7 with nephrectomy;3 cases were treated with selective renal artery embolization. Results Three patients with severe closed renal trauma died of compound trauma and shock soon after admission,and the other 186 patients recovered. Of them, 102 cases were followed up from 3 months to 8 years. Among patients undergoing conservative treatment renal hypertension occurred in 3 cases, urinoma in 1 , kidney atrophy in 1 and local hydronephrosis in 1. In patients undergoing surgery or selective kidney artery embolization, no subsequent complication occurred. Conclusions CT scan can provide a major basis for the diagnosis and treatment choice as well as early detection of urinoma of closed renal trauma. For closed renal trauma below grade IV ,conservative treatment is the better option.