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Bilateral Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Changes the Drug-cued Reactivity in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of Crack-cocaine Addicts
Affiliation:1. Laboratory of Canada Research Chair in Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale, Centre de Recherche l’Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Medical School, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada;2. Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;3. Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems@UniTn, Italian Institute of Technology, Rovereto, Italy;4. Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA;5. Núcleo de Neurociências, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, SP, Brazil;6. Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA;7. Institut Guttmann de Neurorehabilitació, Universitat Autónoma, Barcelona, Spain;1. Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (SCAN) Unit, Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;2. Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia;1. Beer Yaakov Mental Health Center, Tel Aviv University, Israel;2. Department of Life Science, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel;1. State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32# Jiao Chang Dong Lu, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;3. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming 650500, China;1. Addiction, Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT) Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 4, 1018 AX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Research Centre – Military Mental Health, Ministry of Defense, The Netherlands;1. Laboratory of Cognitive Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology, Program of Post-Graduation in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil;2. Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Massachusetts General Hospital, Spauding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;3. Berenson-Allen Center for Non-invasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;4. Laboratory of Neuroplasticity, University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
Abstract:BackgroundPatients addicted to crack-cocaine routinely have difficulty sustaining treatment, which could be related to dysfunctional cerebral activity that occurs in addiction.ObjectiveTo investigate the indirect electrophysiological effects of single transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cocaine-addicted brains.MethodsThe patients received either left cathodal/right anodal or sham stimulation over the DLPFC. The region of interest was the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during the N2 time window (200–350 ms). Event-related potentials in the ACC were measured during visual presentation of crack-related cues or neutral cues.ResultsLow-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) indicated that exposure to crack-related images led to increased activity in the ACC in the sham group, while the tDCS group showed decreased ACC activity after visualization of drug cues.ConclusionPrefrontal tDCS specifically modulated the ACC response during exposure to visual drug cues in crack-cocaine users.
Keywords:tDCS  Crack-cocaine addiction  Event-related potential  Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex  Anterior cingulate cortex
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