The Effects of Individualized Theta Burst Stimulation on the Excitability of the Human Motor System |
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| Affiliation: | 1. The School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, New Zealand;2. The Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, New Zealand;3. Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, New Zealand;1. Robinson Research Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia;2. Department of Neurology and Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen D-72076, Germany;3. Department of Neurology, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main D-60590, Germany;1. Human Motor Control Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 30, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia;2. Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Belgium;3. School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Australia;4. Experimental and Regenerative Neuroscience, School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Australia;5. Research Institute for Exercise and Sport Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK;1. Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue KS-158, Boston MA 02215, USA;2. Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació Guttmann, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundTheta burst stimulation (TBS) is a pattern of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation that has been demonstrated to facilitate or suppress human corticospinal excitability when applied intermittently (iTBS) or continuously (cTBS), respectively. While the fundamental pattern of TBS, consisting of bursts of 50 Hz stimulation repeated at a 5 Hz theta frequency, induces synaptic plasticity in animals and in vitro preparations, the relationship between TBS and underlying cortical firing patterns in the human cortex has not been elucidated.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of 5 Hz iTBS and cTBS with individualized TBS paradigms on corticospinal excitability and intracortical inhibitory circuits.MethodsParticipants received standard and individualized iTBS (iTBS 5; iTBS I) and cTBS (cTBS 5; cTBS I), and sham TBS, in a randomised design. For individualized paradigms, the 5 Hz theta component of the TBS pattern was replaced by the dominant cortical frequency (4–16 Hz; upper frequency restricted by technical limitations) for each individual.ResultsWe report that iTBS 5 and iTBS I both significantly facilitated motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude to a similar extent. Unexpectedly, cTBS 5 and cTBS I failed to suppress MEP amplitude. None of the active TBS protocols had any significant effects on intracortical circuits when compared with sham TBS.ConclusionIn summary, iTBS facilitated MEP amplitude, an effect that was not improved by individualizing the theta component of the TBS pattern, while cTBS, a reportedly inhibitory paradigm, produced no change, or facilitation of MEP amplitude in our hands. |
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| Keywords: | Transcranial magnetic stimulation Cortical plasticity Primary motor cortex Electroencephalography |
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