Association between type 1 diabetes and periodontal health |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland;2. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland;3. Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland;1. College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada;2. Department of Community Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;3. Saskatchewan Health Quality Council, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada;4. Drug Plan and Extended Benefits Branch, Ministry of Health, Government of Saskatchewan, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada;1. Periodontology Department, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;2. Periodontology Department, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania;3. Implantology Department, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;4. Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany;5. Epidemiology Department, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;1. Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland;2. Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland;3. Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland;1. Department of Nephrology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania;2. Nephrology Department, “Dr Carol Davila” Teaching Hospital of Nephrology, Bucharest, Romania;3. Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania;4. Department of Mobile Prosthetics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania |
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| Abstract: | PurposeWe assessed periodontal status in patients with type 1 diabetes and healthy individuals in relation to their glycemic control, smoking and inflammatory biomarkers.Material/methodsPeriodontal status was examined in 107 patients with diabetes and 40 controls, using Oral Hygiene Index (OHI), Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and tooth number. CPI values of 0–2 and 3–4 were classified as non-periodontitis and periodontitis, respectively. Blood samples were analyzed for glucose, HbA1c, CRP, fibrinogen, interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α).ResultsPeriodontitis was found in 15.0% of the controls and 57.9% of diabetic patients, including 40.0% of these with good metabolic control (GMC) and 59.5% of those with poor metabolic control (PMC). Severe periodontitis was more frequent in the PMC than in the GMC group and in the controls (26.0% vs. 20.0% vs. 5.0%). The PMC patients had lower number of sextants with CPI 0 and higher number of sextants with CPI 3 and CPI 4 as well as lower tooth number in comparison with the controls. The patients with periodontitis had higher TNF-α (p < 0.001) and OHI (p < 0.001) than the patients without periodontitis. The number of sextants with CPI 0 correlated negatively with fibrinogen and TNF-α levels, whereas the number of sextants with CPI 3 correlated positively with TNF-α and fasting glucose level.ConclusionsThere is good evidence that type 1 diabetes increases the risk of periodontal disease. Our results suggest that poor metabolic control of diabetes together with smoking and inadequate oral hygiene increase the risk of severe periodontal destruction in patients with type 1 diabetes. |
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| Keywords: | Diabetes Hyperglycemia Periodontitis Cytokines |
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