Sleep Deprivation Affects Somatosensory Cortex Excitability as Tested Through Median Nerve Stimulation |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy;2. Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy;3. Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L''Aquila, L''Aquila, Italy;4. Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of The Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy;5. IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy;6. IRCCS Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy;1. Research Center of CHU de Québec, Neuroscience Division, Clinical Neuroscience and Neurostimulation Laboratory, Quebec City, QC, Canada;2. McGill University, Constance-Lethbridge Rehabilitation Center-CRIR, Montreal, QC, Canada;3. Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada;1. Unità Operativa di Neurofisiopatologia, CTO, Via S. Nemesio 21, 00145 Rome, Italy;2. Istituto di Neurologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy;3. Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Milan, Italy;4. Unità Operativa di Neurochirurgia funzionale e stereotassica, CTO, Via S. Nemesio 21, 00145 Rome, Italy;5. Divisione di Neurologia, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy;6. Center for Sensory–Motor Interaction, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark;1. Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;2. Mobility Research Team, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;3. Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;4. Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;1. Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France;2. UMR7268 ADES, Aix-Marseille Univ., Marseille, France;3. UMR INSERM 1027, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France;4. Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France;1. EA 4391, faculté de médecine de Créteil, université Paris Est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France;2. Service de physiologie–explorations fonctionnelles, hôpital Henri-Mondor, Assistance publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, 51, avenue Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France;3. Department of neurosciences and mental health, neurology, hospital de Santa Maria-CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal;4. Instituto de medicina molecular, institute of physiology, faculty of medicine, university of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal;1. Brock University, 500 Glenridge Ave., St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada;2. University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundChanges of cortical excitability after sleep deprivation (SD) in humans have been investigated mostly in motor cortex, while there is little empirical evidence concerning somatosensory cortex, and its plastic changes across SD.ObjectiveTo assess excitability of primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and EEG voltage topographical characteristics associated with somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) during SD.MethodsAcross 41 h of SD, 16 healthy subjects participated in 4 experimental sessions (11.00 a.m. and 11.00 p.m. of the 1st and 2nd day) with: a) subjective sleepiness ratings; b) EEG recordings; c) SEPs recordings; d) behavioral vigilance responses.ResultsA clear enhancement of cortical excitability after SD was indexed by: (a) an amplitude increase of different SEPs component in S1; (b) higher voltage in occipital (around 35–43 ms) and fronto-central areas (around 47–62 ms). Circadian fluctuations did not affect cortical excitability. Voltage changes in S1 were strongly related with post-SD fluctuations of subjective and behavioral sleepiness.ConclusionsSleep may have a role in keeping cortical excitability at optimal (namely below potentially dangerous) levels for the human brain, rebalancing progressive changes in cortical responsiveness to incoming inputs occurred during time spent awake. On the other hand, higher level of cortical responsiveness after sleep loss may be one of the mechanisms accounting for post-SD alterations in vigilance and behavior. |
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| Keywords: | Sleep deprivation Human cortical excitability Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) |
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