面动脉的解剖学研究及其临床意义

目的 对面动脉进行解剖学研究以指导临床实践.方法 选用保存一年的10具成人尸体(男6,女4)的20侧面部为解剖标本,从颈总动脉远心端注入红色乳胶溶液,有两具尸体在面前静脉内注入蓝色乳胶.将颜面皮肤锐性剥去,除去皮下脂肪,显露浅组面部表情肌,从颌下缘开始显露面动脉到内眦的全过程,展示它的走行、分支和终末部分以及面横动脉、眶下动脉和眼动脉的吻合支及其与面静脉的相互关系.用同样的方法解剖对侧的血管,以研究两侧的对称性.用游标卡尺测量.小的分支在手术放大镜下进行解剖.结果 在10具尸体的20侧面部标本中,两侧面动脉对称的有4例.终止于内眦动脉的占8/20侧(40%,左2侧,右6侧),终止于鼻外侧动脉的占3/20侧(15%,左2侧,右1侧),终止于上唇动脉的占3/20侧(15%,均为左侧),终止于下唇动脉的占1/20侧(5%,为左侧),终止于下颌下缘的占1/20侧(5%,为左侧),终止于下颌下缘的占1/20侧(5%,为左侧),全面型占2/20侧(10%,左右各一侧).右面动脉主干均可终止于鼻外侧动脉或内眦动脉,而左侧面动脉仅5/10侧(50%)可终止于鼻外侧动脉或内眦动脉.面动脉与面静脉的间距:面动脉与面静脉之间的距离在下颌下缘和内眦处很近,在口角和鼻翼基底处相距较远.结论 面血管存在着大的解剖上的变异,面动脉分支不固定,两侧不总是对称分布,甚至面动脉主干发育不全或缺如.面动静脉间的位置关系存在着广泛的变异,我们认为这些解剖知识对于面部皮瓣的设计是必不可少的.

Anatomic Study and Clinical Significance of the Facial Artery

Objective To study on anatomy of the facial artery and evaluate clinical application of the facial arteries. Methods A study was made by dissecting 20 facial arteries in 10 adult preserved cadavers. Prior to dissection, red latex solution was injected into the external carotid artery. In two of ten cadavers, blue latex was injected additionally into the facial veins. The facial skin and subcutaneous fat were tangentially removed step by step. Results The facial artery symmetrical in 4 of 10 (40%) of the dissections. The facial artery terminated as an angular artery in 8(40%, 2 in left face, 6 in right), a lateral nasal vessel in 3 (15%, 2 in left face), in 1 (5%,in left face) the facial artery terminated at the inferior mandibular border(i.e. rudimentary). In 2 (10%, all in right face) the facial artery was double duples. In 2 (10%, 1 in left and right face respectively) facial artery was found to distribute in all over the face. The relation between the facial artery and facial vein were observed. Both were located together at the inferior mandibular border and at the medial canthus, around the oral commissure and the nasal base, they were located apart from each other with variabe distances. Conclusion It was very important for design and elevating of flap based on the facial vessels to understand these anatomic variation of the facial vessels.