地质勘探工人历年接触矽尘的评价

目的对接触矽尘的地质勘探工人的接尘水平进行定量评价.方法收集9个省地质矿产勘查局所属队(厂、矿)50年代以来各工种历年的矽尘监测资料30000个,还收集历史的和近期的其他矽尘监测资料,以及1627个研究对象的工作史.利用上述资料按队(厂、矿)、工种和年段建立了矽尘接触水平,并用呼吸性矽尘量、全肺的矽尘量和总粉尘中矽尘含量估算矽尘的接触量.结果呼吸性粉尘接触浓度平均值是3mg/m3;总粉尘浓度平均值是14mg/m3,早年是29mg/m3,近年是3mg/m3;粉尘中游离二氧化硅含量平均值是(28.0±8.2)%.结合每个研究对象的工作史和矽尘接触水平分别计算出不同的矽尘接触指数.结论这种大规模矽尘接触评价方法对历年接触矽尘的估算可为剂量-反应关系评价提供依据.

Evaluation of historical exposure to silica dust for the workers employed in geologic exploration industry

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate their level of exposure to silica dust in the workers employed in geologic exploration industry using a quantitative method. METHODS: Monitoring data of exposure to silica dust since 1950s were collected for the workers in various jobs from the factories and mines of the bureaux of geological exploration in the nine provinces, with 30,000 pieces of figures in total. Job title and history of employment were determined for 1,627 employees. Levels of exposure to silica dust in various factories and mines were estimated based on the data mentioned-above, including amount of respirable dust, total dust in the lungs, and proportion of free silica dust to the total silica dust. RESULTS: Concentration of total silica dust was 14 mg/m3 in average in the factories and mines, with a range of 29 mg/m3 during the earlier years to 3 mg/m3 in recent years, and that of respirable silica dust was 3 mg/m3, in average, with (28.0 +/- 8.2)% of free silica dust. Different indices of exposure to silica dust were calculated for individuals, based on their history of employment and level of exposure. CONCLUSION: Assessment of exposure to silica dust during the past years, based on the monitoring data, could provide basis for evaluation of dose-response relationship.