头皮恶性肿瘤外科切除后的修复

目的 总结不同手术方法修复与重建头皮恶性肿瘤术后缺损,评价其临床效果. 方法 1995 年1 月-2004 年9月,对70例头皮恶性肿瘤患者行手术治疗,其中男41例,女29例;年龄30～85岁,平均50.3岁.病程2周～3年,平均 3.5 个月.基底细胞癌 31 例,鳞状细胞癌24例,恶性黑色素瘤8例,纤维肉瘤4例,脂肪肉瘤2例,血管肉瘤 1 例.病变范围 1.0 cm×0.5 cm～10.0 cm×8.0 cm.根治性切除肿瘤后缺损3 cm×3 cm～12 cm × 11 cm,采用中厚皮片移植 51 例,邻近头皮瓣移位12例,颈肩随意皮瓣移位2例,斜方肌肌皮瓣移位3例,桡动脉逆行岛状皮瓣2例,切取范围 5 cm×4 cm～18 cm × 12 cm. 结果 67 例皮片及皮瓣成活,伤口Ⅰ期愈合;2例皮瓣远端坏死,经过换药后Ⅱ期愈合;1 例桡动脉逆行岛状皮瓣感染,对症处理后愈合.供区均Ⅰ期愈合.55例患者获随访 1～5年,5例复发.植皮患者中鳞状细胞癌患者和纤维肉瘤患者各1例,分别于术后1年及2年半复发,均再次行根治性切除后采用皮瓣移位修复刨面;皮瓣移位患者中血管肉瘤患者及鳞状细胞癌患者各1例于术后6个月及3个月复发放弃治疗,1 例纤维肉瘤患者术后2年复发,再次根治性切除后采用皮瓣移位修复创面.余患者均存活良好. 结论 头皮恶性肿瘤应早期诊断、及时治疗,广泛彻底切除并进行合理的创面修复是有效的治疗方法.

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF SCALP MALIGNANT TUMOR

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different surgical methods in treating scalp malignant tumors. METHODS: From January 1995 to September 2004, 70 patients with scalp malignant tumor were treated with different surgical methods. There were 41 males and 29 females withan average age of 50.3 years (30-85 years). The course of disease ranged from 2 weeks to 3 years (mean 3.5 months). There were 31 cases of basal cell carcinoma, 24 cases of squamous carcinoma, 8 cases of melanocarcinoma, 4 cases of fibrous sarcoma, 2 cases of liposarcoma, and 1 case of vasculosarcoma. Leision size ranged from 1.0 cm x 0.5 cm to 10.0 cm x 8.0 cm. Scalp defect ranged from 3 cm x 3 cm to 12 cm x 11 cm after clearing up the tumors. Defect was repaired withfree skin transplantation in 51 cases, scalp flap in 12 cases, cervico-shoulder flap in 2 cases, trapizius myocutaneous flap in 3 cases, and radial artery retro-island flap in 2 cases. The flap sizes ranged from 5 cm x 4 cm to 18 cm x 12 cm. RESULTS: Of 70 cases, 67 skin flaps survived and incision healed by first intention; 2 flaps necrosed at distal part (< 1 cm) and healed by second intention after dressing change; 1 flap infected and was treated with symptomatic medication. All the donor sites healed by first intention. Fifty-five patients were followed up for 1 to 5 years and 5 cases had tumor recurrence. In patients receiving skin transplantation, 1 case of squamous carcinoma and 1 case of fibrous sarcoma relapsed after 1 year and 2.5 years respectively and were given radical resection and skin flap grafting; in patients receiving skin flap grafting, 1 case of vasculosarcoma and 1 case of squamous carcinoma relapsed after 6 months and 3 months respectively, and gave up treatment; 1 case of fibrous sarcoma relapsed after 2 years and was given radical resection and skin flap grafting. The other cases survived and had no tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION: Scalp malignant tumors should be diagnosised and treated as early as possible. Clearing up completely by surgery is an effective method.