水深度处理工艺对水中元素含量及有机浓集物致突变性的影响

目的 了解活性炭过滤对水中宏量及微量元素、有机浓集物致突变性的影响。方法 选3家水厂,其在常规水处理工艺的基础上都装备水的深度处理设施:自来水经活性炭、反渗透膜等过滤后制成纯净水。在平水期、枯水期、丰水期分别采集这3家水厂炭滤前（自来水）、炭滤后、反渗透后（纯净水）的水样共27份,每类水样9份。用电感耦合等离子体光谱质谱仪（ICP-MS）进行宏量及微量元素分析,共检测钙、镁、钠、钾、铁、铜、锌、锰、钴、钼、钒、硒、铬、镍、锡、锂、硼、铝、镓、锶20种宏量及微量元素,汞、镉、铅3种对人体有害的元素,以10、20、30L/皿的浓度进行TA98-S9的Ames试验。结果 炭滤水中所检元素含量与自来水差异无显著性（t—0刀132～2.083,P>0.05）;而纯净水中有14种宏量及微量元素与炭滤后相比显著下降（t=2.4969～5.2617,P<0.05）,锌、铜、锰、钴、锡、铝、汞、镉、铅的含量与炭滤水相比,差异无显著性;炭滤前水样在20、30L/皿时,TA98回变菌落上升,MR>2,且有剂量-反应关系（r=0.980 P<0.05）,炭滤后水样、纯净水水样在10、20、30L/皿时MR均小于2,Ames试验阴性。结论 炭滤后水保留了水中的宏量及微量元素,去除了水中非挥发性有机致突变物,水的深度处理宜用活性炭过滤,慎用反渗透处理。

Study on Contents of Elements and Mutagenecity of Organic Extracts of Drinking Water in Different Processes of Deep Water Treatment

ve To understand the effects of activated carbon filtration on the contents of macro-elements and trace elements and mutagenecity of organic extracts of drinking water. Methods 3 water plants all using deep water treatment based on the conventional water treatment were selected. In these 3 water plants, the finished water was additionally treated by activated carbon filtration and reverse osmosis membrance filtration respectively. 27 water samples were collected from the 3 stages of water deep treatment including before activated carbon filtration, after activated carbon filtration and after reverse osmosis filtration in 3 water plants during general water period, low water period and plenty water period respectively. 9 water samples were measured in per stage. The contents of macro-elements and trace elements of water samples, including Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, Mu, V, Se, Cr, Ni, Sn, Li, B, Al, Ge. Sr, and hazardous elements such as Hg, Cd and Pb, were determined by ICP-MS. Ames test on mutagenecity of organic extracts of water samples with TA98 strain without S9 mixture was carried out at doses of 10 L, 20 L and 30 L per plate respectively. Results No significant difference was observed in contents of detected ele-ments between water samples before and after activated carbon filtration (t =0.013 2~2.083, P > 0.05) . Significant decreases of contents of 14 kinds of macro-elements and trace elements in purified water were found compared with those in water samples after activated carbon filtration (t = 2.496 9-5.261 7, F< 0.05). The contents of Zn,Cu,Mn, Co, Sn, Al, Hg, Cd and Pb in purified water all revealed no significant differences compared with those in water samples after activated carbon filtration. The MRs of TA98 S9 strain exposed to organic extracts of finished water at doses of 20 L per plate and 30 L per plate were >2 and showed significant dose-response relationship respectively (r = 0.980, P <0.05). The finished water samples treated by activated cartbon filtration and reverse osmosis membrane filtration revealed negative results in Ames test with MR values of < 2 at doses of 10 L, 20 L and 30 L per plate respectively. Conclusion After activated carbon filtration, the contents of macro- element and trace elements still showed no sig-nificant variation in treated water, and the non-volatile organic mutagents were effectively removed. The activated carbon filtration should be appropriately used for the deep water treatment, while the reverse osmosis membrane fil-tration should be cautiously used for the deep water treatment, while the reverse osmosis membrane filtration should be cautiously used.