瘢痕疙瘩发病诱因及相关因素分析

目的探讨瘢痕疙瘩的发病诱因及相关影响因素,为治疗及预防提供依据。方法于2006年8月～2008年4月对本科门诊的瘢痕疙瘩患者进行问卷调查和皮肤科专科体检,根据皮损的部位、形态、数目和对称性将瘢痕疙瘩分为五个临床类型,采用SPSS13.0软件对相关数据进行统计学分析。结果154例瘢痕疙瘩患者发病的主要诱因为痤疮(48.70%)、毛囊炎(35.71%)、手术(10.39%)、外伤(9.74%)、搔抓(9.09%)、疫苗接种(7.14%)和烫伤(2.60%)。胸背下颌多发型男女比为3.67∶1,发病高峰年龄为11～20岁,87.50%由痤疮诱发;胸部单发型患者几乎各年龄组均有发生,54.90%由毛囊炎诱发,23.53%为搔抓所致;四肢多发型患者发病年龄小,四肢多发型加混合型患者家族性患病率为66.67%,皮肤损伤后易形成瘢痕疙瘩皮损。胸外单发型患者几乎各年龄组均有发生,手术居其发病诱因的首位。结论瘢痕疙瘩的临床类型不同,其发病诱因及相关影响因素亦不同。

Analyzing the Etiological and Related Factors of Keloid

Objective To explore the factors relating to the initiation of keloid scarring. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in the patients with keloid which was classified into five clinical patterns according to the lesion features. The data were analyzed statistically using SPSS 13.0. Results A total of 154 patients with keloids were enrolled in this study. The major initiating causes of the scars were acne (48.70%), folliculitis(35.71%),operation(10.39%), external trauma(9.74%),scratching(9.09%),vaccination(7.14%),burn(2.60%). In the patients with multiple keloids on the chest, back and submaxilla, the male-to-female ratio was 3.67∶1, the peak age band at onset was between 10 and 20 years, the scars occured secondary to acne in 87.50% of the patients. In the patients with solitary keloid on the chest, the scars occured at almost any age and secondary to folliculitis, scratching in 54.90%, 23.53% of the patients respectively. The age of onset was the earliest in all clinical patterns for the patients with multiple keloids on the limbs. 66.67% of the patients had the positive family history and usually developed scars on skin injury for the patients with multiple keloids on the limbs and mixed type. In the patients with solitary keloid on any part except chest, the scars arised at almost any age, the first cause of the scaring was surgical wound. Conclusions Differeat clinical pattern of keloid based on various initiational causes.