广州市天河、越秀区学生和家长伤害认知情况调查

目的　了解广州市天河、越秀区中小学生及家长对伤害的知识、信念和行为情况。方法　2 0 0 3年采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取广州市天河、越秀区6所中小学校的学生及其家长,用统一调查表对选择对象的伤害有关知识、态度、行为进行调查,除了小学一、二年级采用面对面询问方式以外,其余均用自填方式进行。结果　本次共调查天河、越秀区中小学生115 5人,其中男生5 5 9人,女生5 96人;小学5 5 6人、初中4 4 1人、高中15 8人;4 9 8%的学生表示知道伤害是儿童青少年最主要的死亡原因之一,6 5 5 %的学生表示知道年龄在12岁以下的孩子不能骑自行车上街,5 1 8%的学生认为“手指受伤出血可以用水洗净,然后用纸或布包扎”是不正确的,72 0 %的学生知道伤害能预防;2 3 4 %有过逆向骑车的行为,4 5 9%有过在红灯时横穿马路的行为,2 0 2 %有过和同学打架的行为;男生的伤害知识正确回答率低于女生(P <0 0 5 ) ,男生不正确行为发生率高于女生(P <0 0 1) ,不同年级学生的伤害认知程度、行为比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 )。共调查学生家长110 1人,86 2 %的家长认为有必要经常对孩子进行各种安全教育,84 4 %的人经常担心孩子会发生伤害,只有17 3%的家长接受过有关预防儿童伤害的培训和指导。结论

Investigation on knowledge about injury among school students and their parents of Tianhe and Yuexiu district in Guangzhou

Objective To understand the knowledge about injury among primary and secondary school students and their parents. Methods A questionnaires survey was conducted among students and their parents in six primary and secondary schools in Tianhe and Yuexiu District selected by random stratified cluster sampling in 2003. Grade 1 and grade 2 students in primary school were questioned face to face, while the others completed by themselves. Results The total number of students investigated was 1 155, male 559 and female 596; primary school 556 and secondary 599. 49.8% of the students knew injury was one of the major death causes of children and juvenile; 65.5% understanded children <12 cannot use a bicycle; 51.8% believed that a bleeding finger can not be washed with water and wrapped up with paper or cloth, 72.0% knew that injury can be prevented, 23.4% ever rode a bicycle in the traffic conversely, 45.9% crossed the street while the light remained red and 20.2% ever fought with their schoolmates. The knowledge about injury in boys was lower than that in girls (P<0.05)and risk behavior incidence, boys higher than girls (P<0.01). The injury related knowledge and practice in grades was different(P<0.01, P<0.05). Of 1 101 parents investigated, 86.2% believed it was necessary to give safety advice to their children frequently, 84.4% often worried about their children could be injured and 17.3% had received training on children injury prevention only. Conclusion Most of primary and secondary school students and their parents of Tianhe and Yuexiu district in Guangzhou lacked of knowledge of injuries. Injury health promotion in students and their parents should be strengthened.