腹部择期手术术前新禁食方案的研究

目的探讨术前新禁食方案的安全性和可行性,使病人更加顺利地度过术后康复期。方法将489例腹部择期手术病人按手术时月份的单、双月分为两组,实验组252例采用新禁食方案,即术前至少6h禁食固体食物,术前2h在专业护士指导下口服糖水500ml(含蔗糖50g),然后禁液体饮食;对照组237例采用传统的术前禁食方法,即在术前12h禁固体饮食,术前6h禁任何液体饮食。比较两组禁饮、禁食时间,术中、术后胃液量和呕吐或误吸,术后肺炎,手术前后血糖和胰岛素抵抗水平,SAS评分,以及口渴、饥饿的程度。结果与对照组比较,实验组术前、术中胃液量,术中、术后呕吐或误吸,术后肺炎,手术前后血糖、胰岛素定量等差异无显著性统计学意义(P均>0.05);禁饮、禁食时间较对照组短,SAS评分,口渴、饥饿程度较对照组低,差异有显著性统计学意义(P均<0.01);同时,对照组术后胰岛素抵抗明显,手术前后比较差异有显著性统计学意义(P<0.01),而实验组的同类数据差异无显著性统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论新禁食方案既未增加术前、术中的胃液量,也未增加术中、术后的误吸率,因此是安全的;同时,新禁食方案有助于减轻术后胰岛素抵抗,心理压力和口渴、饥饿感,较传统禁食方法更为合理。

A new preoperative fasting method of elective abdominal operation

Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of the new preoperative fasting method of patients undergoing elective abdominal operation.Methods 489 patients were randomly divided two groups.252 cases in experimental group received new preoperative fasting method, and 237 cases in control group received traditional fasting method.Time of fasting food, the status of vomit and gastric secretion, the risk of pulmonary aspiration, the degree of insulin resistance during the perioperative time were compared.Results There were no significant differences in the status of vomit and gastric secretion, the risk of pulmonary aspiration and the blood glucose(P>0.05) between the two groups. The time of fasting food in experimental group was shorter than control group, and the insulin resistance of experimental group caused higher blood glucose (P<0.01) after operation.Conclusions The new preoperative fasting method is more safety and reasonable than the traditional fasting method.