北京市海淀区中小学生伤害流行状况及影响因素调查

目的探讨北京市海淀区中小学生伤害的现状及其相关因素，为伤害的预防提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法对北京市海淀区1008名在册中小学生及其家长进行问卷回顾性调查。结果1008名中小学生中，1年期间共有153人发生伤害，伤害发生率为15．18％；伤害共发生230人次，次数发生率为22．82％；伤害发生者中仅发生1次伤害（单发伤害）的报告率为11．01％（111／1008），发生2次及以上伤害（多发伤害）的报告率为4．17％（42／1008）；跌倒／跌落为首位发生伤害类型，操场、体育馆、游泳馆等为伤害发生主要地点，手部／脚部是最常见的伤害部位。负二项回归分析结果提示，性别、年龄、肥胖、闯红灯、打架次数、家庭类型和父亲文化程度等是伤害频次的影响因素。结论中小学生的伤害仍然是一个严重的公共卫生问题，应针对学生伤害的特点及其影响因素采取有效的干预措施，减少儿童伤害的发生，促进儿童健康成长。

Study on injuries and influence factors among elementary and middle school students in Haidian district, Beijing

Objective To investigate prevalence of injuries and its effect factors among primary and middle school students,and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention of injuries. Methods 1 008 students and their parents in Haidian district were selected through stratified multi-stage sample method. A retrospective questionnaire survey was conducted in this study. Results There were 153 students suffered injuries during the study period and the incidence of injury was 15. 1%. Among them the number of injuries was 230 and the rate was 22. 82%. The rates of single injury and multiple injuries were respectively 11.01% （111/1 008）and 4. 17% （42/1 008 ）. The leading cause of injuries was falls, which mostly happened in the playground, gymnasium and swimming pool. The most frequent results of injuries were hand or foot hurts. The results of negative binomial regression analysis showed gender, age, BMI, running the red light at the cross, the number of fights, type of family and education level of their fathers were the effect factors of injuries. Conclusion Injuries among primary and middle school students were still a serious public health problem. Effective measures should be taken to reduce the injury rate according to the characteristics and influence factors.