Analysis of fracture and deformation modes in teeth subjected to occlusal loading |
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| Authors: | Brian R Lawn James J-W Lee |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Anthropology and Center for Human Evolutionary Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 131 George Street, Ruth Adams Building Suite 306, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1414, USA;2. Universitas Nasional Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia;3. Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;4. School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK;5. Department of Anthropology, 6047 Silsby Hall, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA;6. Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 104002, Durham, NC 27708, USA;7. Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, 104 Biological Sciences Building, Box 90383, Durham, NC 27708-9976, USA;1. School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;2. Materials and Measurement Laboratory, Ceramics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA;3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;1. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China;2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;3. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA;1. Nuclear Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;2. Mechanical Engineering Program, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo, Brazil;3. Geological Department, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;1. Faculty of Dentistry, Finis Terrae University, Santiago, Chile;2. Department of Materials Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;3. The Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;1. School of Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, The University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia;2. Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg MD 20899, USA |
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| Abstract: | An analysis of fracture and deformation modes in tooth enamel subjected to occlusal loading is presented. Several competing modes are identified: deformation by yield beneath the indenter; median cracking from the ensuing plastic zone and analogous radial cracking from the dentin–enamel junction along the load axis; and margin cracking from the cervical enamel–cement junction. The analysis, based on a simple model of tooth geometry, presents relations for the critical loads to initiate these damage modes within the enamel, and to drive ensuing cracks longitudinally around the tooth walls to failure. The relations are explicit in their dependence on characteristic tooth dimensions – enamel thickness and cuspal radius – and on material properties – modulus, hardness, toughness and strength. Provision is made to incorporate properties of the occlusal contact, whether from opposing dentition or intervening food particles. All these features are demonstrated on critical-load master diagrams. A characteristic feature of the damage evolution is the gradual evolution of each mode with increasing load, so that failure is generally a prolonged rather than abrupt event. This accounts for the remarkable damage tolerance of natural teeth. The equations may enable basic predictions of tooth responses for humans and animals under a variety of specified dietary and functional conditions. |
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