Neuropathic pain: Peripheral and central mechanisms |
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| Authors: | Troels Staehelin Jensen Nanna Brix Finnerup |
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| Institution: | 1. Accenture Global Talent Innovation Network (GTIN), Greece;2. Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 157 84 Ilissia, Athens, Greece;1. Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang 050051, China;2. Department of Anesthesiology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China;3. Department of Surgery, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China;1. Tucson Orthopaedic Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA;2. Midwestern University, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glendale, AZ, USA;3. University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA;4. Department of Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;1. Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN;2. Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN;1. Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;3. Toxicology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;4. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand;1. Department of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China;2. Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China |
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| Abstract: | Neuropathic pain refers to a specific pain syndrome characterized by pain and sensory abnormalities in body parts that have lost their normal peripheral innervation or sensory representation. They are to be distinguished from other types of pain because of differences in the underlying pathophysiology and treatment. Following a peripheral nerve injury, a cascade of events occurs in primary afferents causing peripheral sensitization. Central sensitization, which is increased responsiveness in central neurons, is usually the result of an increased barrage from the periphery, but may also occur independent of such peripheral input. Again, a series of molecular changes contribute to this central sensitization. These peripheral and central sensitization phenomena in neuropathic pain represent the pathophysiological reason for the beneficial effect of antihyperalgesic treatment in this type of pain. In future, such treatment is likely to be replaced by agents that in a more specific ways attack the pain-generating mechanisms. |
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