Erectile Dysfunction and Mortality |
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| Authors: | Andre B. Araujo Thomas G. Travison Peter Ganz Gretchen R. Chiu Varant Kupelian Raymond C. Rosen Susan A. Hall John B. McKinlay |
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| Affiliation: | 1. New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA, USA;;2. Division of Cardiology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;2. The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA;3. Division of Urology, University of Western, ON, Canada;4. Sexology & STDs, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt;5. Neuro-Urology-Andrology Unit, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Garches, France;6. Instituto H.Ellis, São Paulo, Brazil;7. Department of Urology, Section of Andrology and Male Infertility, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA;8. Unidad Andrología, Servicio Urología Hospital, Regional Universitario Carlos Haya, Málaga, Spain;9. Department of Urology & Urological Reseach Institute (URI), Universiti Vita Saluta San Raffaele, Milan, Italy;10. University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;1. Health Sciences School, Beira Interior University (FCS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal;2. the Department of Urology of Pêro da Covilhã Hospital, Cova da Beira Hospital Centre (CHCB), Covilhã, Portugal;1. Emergency Department, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China;2. Emergency Department, First People''s Hospital of Tianshui, Gansu 741000, China |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionErectile dysfunction (ED) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) share pathophysiological mechanisms and often co-occur. Yet it is not known whether ED provides an early warning for increased CVD or other causes of mortality.AimWe sought to examine the association of ED with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.MethodsProspective population-based study of 1,709 men (of 3,258 eligible) aged 40–70 years. ED was measured by self-report. Subjects were followed for a mean of 15 years. Hazard ratios (HR) were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.Main Outcome MeasuresMortality due to all causes, CVD, malignant neoplasms, and other causes.ResultsOf 1,709 men, 1,284 survived to the end of 2004 and had complete ED and age data. Of 403 men who died, 371 had complete data. After adjustment for age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, physical activity, cigarette smoking, self-assessed health, and self-reported heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes, ED was associated with HRs of 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.57) for all-cause mortality, and 1.43 (95% CI 1.00–2.05) for CVD mortality. The HR for CVD mortality associated with ED is of comparable magnitude to HRs of some conventional CVD risk factors.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate that ED is significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality, primarily through its association with CVD mortality. Araujo AB, Travison TG, Ganz P, Chiu GR, Kupelian V, Rosen R, Hall SA, and McKinlay JB. Erectile dysfunction and mortality. J Sex Med 2009;6:2445–2454. |
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