家庭环境与ADHD儿童某些心理特征相关性的研究

目的 :探讨注意缺陷多动障碍 (AttentionDeficit -Hyperactivedisorder,ADHD)儿童家庭环境特点及其与儿童自我意识、自尊、内外控等心理特征的关系。方法 :选用家庭环境量表 (FES)、Piers -Harris儿童自我意识量表、自尊调查 (TheSelf-esteemInventory ,Coopersmith)、儿童内外控量表 (Nowicki-StricklandInternal -ExternalControlScaleforChildren)以及艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ -儿童版 )分别对 10 8例ADHD及 10 8名正常儿童进行评定。结果 :ADHD儿童的家庭在FES量表中家庭亲密度、情感表达、文化性、独立性、知识性、娱乐性、道德观、家庭组织性上的得分都显著低于对照组 (均P <0 0 5 ) ;而在家庭的矛盾性高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。ADHD儿童的自我意识、自尊水平均明显低于正常对照组的儿童。ADHD儿童表现更为外控 ,而正常对照组则更为内控。ADHD儿童在精神质、神经质得分高于对照组 ,掩饰性低于对照组。FES量表中的家庭环境因素对ADHD儿童的自我意识、自尊、内外控及个性特征没有显著影响 ;而正常组儿童的这些心理特征与家庭环境中的某些因素有关。结论 :家庭环境因素对ADHD和对照组儿童自我意识、自尊、内外控及个性特征发展的影响是不同的

Family Environment and the Development of Self-esteem, Self-concept and External-internal Control in Children with ADHD

Objective: To explore the characteristics of family environments of children with ADHD, and their relationship with the development of their self-concept, self-esteem, internal-external control and personality Method: One hundred and eight children with ADHD (DSM-IV criteria) and 108 normal children were assessed with Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale, the Self-esteem Inventory, Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Control Scale for Children and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-for Children (EPQ) The parents of both groups were also asked to fill up the Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES) Results: The result of FES showed that there were significant lower scores of intimacy, expressiveness, intellectual-cultural orientation, independence, active-recreation orientation, moral sense, organization in ADHD families than those of normal families, while there were more conflicts in ADHD families than in normal families The levels of self-concept and self-esteem in ADHD group were also comparatively lower than those of control group Children with ADHD were more inclined to external control, while normal children to internal control Comparing with the normal, children with ADHD had higher scores on the psychosis and neurosis dimensions, lower score on lying In ADHD children, characteristic of family environment had no relation to the development of self-concept, self-esteem, or external-internal control, while in normal children, it had some relations to these factors Conclusion: The influence of family environment on the development of self-concept, self-esteem, external-internal control is different between children with ADHD and normal children