新生儿静脉留置针发生静脉炎的危险因素及防范对策分析

目的分析静脉留置针发生静脉炎的危险因素及防范对策。方法选取2016年2月至2018年12月于我院新生儿病区住院的患儿1283例,分析影响患儿静脉留置针发生静脉炎的影响因素。结果本研究1283例新生儿静脉留置针共发生静脉炎78例(6.08%)。发生组出生时体重<3000 g、出生前孕周<37周、下肢留置、药液pH<5或>9、留置针时间>5 d、抢救时留置针及未一次性穿刺成功的患儿占比高于未发生组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,下肢是否留置、药液pH值、留置针时间、留置时机为患儿静脉炎发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论静脉炎与患儿出生时体重低、出生前孕周短、下肢静脉留置、药液pH<5或>9、留置针时间长、抢救时置针、未一次性穿刺成功等因素相关,综合防范可降低新生儿留置针静脉炎的发生率。

Analysis of risk factors and preventive measures of neonatus phlebitis caused by intravenous indwelling needle

Objective To analyze the risk factors and preventive measures of phlebitis caused by intravenous indwelling needle. Methods From February 2016 to December 2018, 1 283 children hospitalized in our neonatal ward were selected to analyze the influence factors of phlebitis caused by intravenous indwelling needle. Results There were78 cases(6.08%) with phlebitis in 1 283 neonates. The proportion of children with birth weight <3 000 g, gestational weeks before birth <37 weeks, lower limbs indwelling, pH <5 or >9 of drug solution, needle indwelling time >5 days,needle indwelling during rescue and no one-time puncture success in the occurrence group were higher than those in the non-occurrence group(P<0.05). The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that whether the lower limbs was retained, the acidity and pH of the drug solution, needle indwelling time and indwelling opportunity were the independent risk factors of phlebitis(P<0.05). Conclusion Phlebitis is related to low birth body weight, short gestational weeks before birth, lower limbs vein indwelling, pH <5 or >9 of drug solution, long needle indwelling time, needle indwelling during rescue and non-one-time puncture success, and comprehensive prevention can reduce the incidence of phlebitis caused by intravenous indwelling needle.