应对新冠病毒疫苗犹豫的策略探讨

全球疫苗犹豫已成为阻碍个体与群体免疫,扭转免疫规划所取得成果的重要原因之一。疫苗犹豫后果严重,通常伴随疫苗的使用而存在,疫苗犹豫往往使原本已消灭或有效控制的疾病卷土重来。随着近年来其危害的持续加重,疫苗犹豫问题已成为全球十大健康威胁之一,并在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情全球大流行期间阻碍着国际和国内社会对疫情的成功控制。在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间,还是存在对新冠疫苗的犹豫心理,如果人们拒绝接种新冠疫苗,就无法发挥疫苗的作用,无法建立群体免疫屏障,从根本上难以解决国际疫情输入和国内疫情扩散的风险。疫苗犹豫成因复杂,主要包括疫苗信任度（包含对疫苗的安全性、有效性等指标的信心等）、群众的自满情绪（包括对疾病危害的认识偏低和战胜疾病的盲目自信等）以及疫苗的便利性,还涉及研发、供应、接种、疫苗价格等多个因素。本文结合海南新冠疫苗接种实际,就新冠疫苗犹豫的背景、成因、后果及消除措施进行了论述,并探讨了应对新冠疫苗犹豫的策略,供医疗卫生人员和社会公众认知疫苗犹豫,增强免疫接种信心,消除疫苗犹豫。

Strategy on coping with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy

Vaccine hesitancy is the major barrier for achieving protection for individual and population, reversing the progress achieved by immunization programs. Vaccine hesitance causes severe outcomes, and is the phenomenon emerges with the process of vaccination. Vaccine hesitancy lead to the diseases those have already been eliminated or well under controlled comeback or escalate into outbreak. Since the vaccine hesitancy impact continues to increase in recent years, vaccine hesitancy has been ranked one of the top ten global threats to human health. And now vaccine hesitancy is also the key barrier during the COVID-19 pandemic in controlling the disease globally and domestically by massively vaccinating. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the growing hesitancy is real, and reminds us that it cannot work if people refuse to be vaccinated, the herd immunity cannot be achieved, and there is limited chance to control the domestic sporadic epidemic and international imported risks. Vaccine hesitancy has complicated reasons, majorly categorized into vaccine confidence, including evaluation on safety and efficacy; complacency, including the underestimated disease burden and overconfidence on controlling the highly contagious disease; and convenience, including vaccine experimenting, producing, vaccinating and price. This article thoroughly analyses the background, causes, outcomes, hesitancy during COVID-19, and solutions to address vaccine hesitancy, to better increase the vaccine confidence among health care providers and the general public.