核事故辐射环境航空监测实例及思考

辐射环境航空监测具有快速、高效、覆盖面大的特点，是核事故应急监测中不可替代的重要技术手段。本文重点介绍了前苏联切尔诺贝利核电站核事故、美国三哩岛核电站核事故及日本福岛核电站核事故后开展的辐射环境航空监测行动。辐射环境航空监测技术在确定辐射污染范围、辐射环境调查及为国家相关部门快速提供技术支持方面发挥重要作用，是核事故应急响应行动中重要组成部分。建议有序开展核应急航空监测新型装备技术研究、核事故应急航空监测分析研判研究；有效应对核事故，开展全国核设施周围详细辐射环境水平摸底的航空监测研究。

Example and consideration on airborne monitoring of radiation environment in nuclear accidents

Being fast, efficient and widely-covered, airborne monitoring of radiation environment is an irreplaceable technical means in nuclear accident emergency monitoring. To introduce radiation monitoring actions in nuclear accidents at Chernobyl in the Soviet Union in 1986, Three Mile Island in America in 1979 and Fukushima in Japan in 2011. Airborne monitoring of radiation environment plays an important role in radiation contamination area confirmation, radiation environment survey and technical supply to related national department. Therefore, it is an important part of nuclear emergency response. It is suggested to carry out research on new equipment technology for airborne monitoring of nuclear emergency in an orderly manner; to study the analysis and decision of airborne monitoring for nuclear accident emergency; effectively respond to nuclear accidents, to carry out the detailed survey of radiation environment around nuclear facilities throughout the country.