天津市婴幼儿食品和冲调谷物制品中阪崎肠杆菌污染状况及脉冲场凝胶电泳分子分型

目的 了解2012—2019年期间天津市婴幼儿食品和冲调谷物制品中阪崎肠杆菌(Enterobacter sakazakii,ES)的污染状况及脉冲场凝胶电泳分子分型情况。方法 收集2012—2019年采集的婴幼儿食品和冲调谷物制品样品信息,并对这两类食品中阪崎肠杆菌检出情况进行统计学分析;采用脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）技术对两类食品中检出的阪崎肠杆菌进行分子分型分析。结果 婴幼儿面条、婴幼儿饼干、婴幼儿其他食品、婴幼儿米粉、婴幼儿奶粉中阪崎肠杆菌的检出率分别为40.7%,6.1%、3.8%、0.5%、0,差异有统计学意义（确切概率法P<0.001）;冲调谷物食品中芝麻糊的阪崎肠杆菌检出率最高,达到57.1%,麦片、藕粉、其他冲调谷物食品检出率分别为13.6%、23.3%、13.3%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。天津市、外省生产的冲调谷物制品中阪崎肠杆菌检出率分别为20.0%、30.2%,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。婴幼儿食品与冲调谷物制品检出率分别为3.2%、39.8%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。所有样品共分离出39株阪崎肠杆菌,共分为34个PFGE带型,型别较分散,菌株间相似度在32.34%~93.94%,呈高度多态性。TJ13Cro0001和TJ13Cro0002的相似度为93.55%,TJ19Cro0013和TJ19Cro0025相似度为93.94%,分别属于同一型别PFGE型。其余各分离株酶切图谱各不相同, 相似性系数均在90% 以下, 被确定为不同 PFGE型。结论 天津市冲调谷物制品中阪崎肠杆菌污染状况较婴幼儿食品更为严重,应该引起相关部门的高度重视,必须加强全市婴幼儿食品及冲调谷物制品从原材料、生产、运输、销售等各个环节的监督和管理。

Pollution status and PFGE typing of Enterobacter sakazakii from infant food and processed cereal products in Tianjin

Objective To investigate the contamination and PFGE typing of Enterobacter sakazakii in infants foods and processed cereal products from Tianjin in 2012-2019.Methods The samples of infant food and processed cereal products in 2012-2019 were collected,and the detection of Enterobacter sakazakii in these two kinds of foods was statistically analyzed.Pulse field gel electrophoresis(PFGE)was used to analyze the molecular typing of Enterobacter sakazakii.Results The detection rates of Enterobacter sakazakii were 40.7%,6.1%,3.8%,0.5%,0 in infant noodles,infant biscuits,other infant foods,infant rice flours and infant formula,respectively.The difference was significant(exact propability P<0.001).The detection rate of Enterobacter sakazakii in sesame paste was the highest,57.1%.The detection rate of Enterobacter sakazakii cereal detected from cornmeal,lotus root starch and other were 13.6%,23.3%and 13.3%respectively.The difference was significant(P<0.001).The detection rates of Enterobacter sakazakii from Tianjin and other provinces were 20.0%and 30.2%respectively.The difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The detection rate of infant food and grain products were 3.2%and 39.8%respectively,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).A total of 39 strains of Enterobacter sakazakii were isolated from all samples,divided into 34 PFGE bands.The types were high polymorphism at 32.34%-93.94%.The similarity between TJ13Cro0001 and TJ13Cro0002 was 93.55%,the similarity between TJ19Cro0013 and TJ19Cro0025 was 93.94%,belong to the same PFGE type,respectively.The enzyme profiles of the remaining isolates varied,the similarity coefficient was below 90%,were identified as different PFGE types.Conclusion The contamination of Enterobacter sakazakii in grain products is more serious than that of infant foods in Tianjin.It should be highly valued by relevant department.We shoud strengthen the supervision and management of infant food and processed cereal products from raw materials,production,transportation,sales and other links.