肠线虫感染低度流行区的目标化疗

目的　探讨肠道线虫病低度流行区的防治措施。　方法　自 1 995年根据流行区人群肠道线虫感染的年龄及临床症状等流行病学特点 ,在江苏省江都市吴堡乡 3个试点村中 ,每年每村选择 2 0 0人左右作为高危人群采取目标化疗 ,以阿苯达唑和甲苯达唑各 2 0 0mg顿服 ,每年 1次连续 3年。次年化疗前在村民中抽样粪检 1次 ,末次治疗 3年后再复查 1次。以饱和盐水漂浮法和定量透明法粪检结果评价疗效。　结果　 3个试点村居民肠道线虫感染率由1 995年的 6 .2 %降至 1 996年的 5 .4 %和 1 997年的 3 .2 % ,2 0 0 0年复查感染率为 2 .3 %。对照村仅对小学生化疗每年 1次连续 5年 ,蛔虫和鞭虫的感染率分别由 1 995年的 1 .4 %和 4 .2 %降至 2 0 0 0年的 0 .9%和 1 .4 % ,钩虫感染率下降不明显。钩虫易感人群的目标化疗结果表明 ,41岁以上人群感染率由 1 995年的 1 9.4 %降至 2 0 0 0年的 1 0 .9%。　结论　在肠道线虫低度流行区 ,目标化疗是一种较经济有效的防治措施

Target Chemotherapy of Intestinal Nematode Infection in Area with Low Endemicity

Objective To evaluate the control measures for intestinal nematodiasis in endemic area with low prevalence and intensity of infection. Methods Target chemotherapy was carried out in high risk population based on the epidemiological characteristics such as age and clinical findings. Albendazole and mebendazole were administered each 200 mg once daily every year for 3 or 5 years. Saturated brine floatation and Kato Katz thick smear techniques were used for stool examination to evaluate the efficacy of treatment. Results Two hundred residents from each of the three investigation villages were selected for target chemotherapy once a year for three years. The prevalence of intestinal nematodes decreased from 6.2% in 1995 to 5.4% in 1996 and 3.2% in 1997, and remained at 2.3% after three years in 2000. One control village where only primary school students were treated once a year for 5 years, the prevalence of Ascaris and Trichuris infection also decreased from 1.4% and 4.2% in 1995 to 0.9% and 1.4% in 2000, respectively. The target chemotherapy on the predisposed population to hookworm infection showed that the prevalence in the population above 41 years old was declined from 19.4% to 10.9%. Conclusion The target chemotherapy is an economical and effective approach for the control of intestinal nematode infection in endemic area with low prevalence and intensity of infection.