医科大学护理专业男生的自尊状况及心理特点

目的了解医科大学护理专业男生（简称男护生）的自尊状况及其与人格、应对方式、心理健康等的关系。方法采用自尊量表、艾森克人格问卷、简易应对方式量表、症状自评量表等对广州某医科大学2005级至2008级护理专业的218名护生进行测评，其中男护生105名、女护生113名；同期调查该校同年级五年制医疗本科男生193名。结果（1）男、女护生自尊总分分别为（29．20±4．59）和（29．33±4．43）分，差异无统计学意义；男护生自尊总分低于该校医疗本科男生得分（P〈0．01）。本科男、女护生及大专男、女护生的自尊总分分别为（29．73±4．79）、（29．48±4．36）分和（28．96±4．37）、（29．14土4．56）分，差异无统计学意义。（2）不同自尊等级男护生人格特征的内外向及神经质维度、应对方式中的消极应对、SCL-90均分及各因子得分比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。（3）男护生自尊得分与人格特征的内外向维度及积极应对呈显著正相关（P〈0．05），与神经质维度、消极应对、SCL-90均分及各因子分呈显著负相关（P〈0．05）。（4）路径分析表明，自尊可以通过影响神经质及消极应对方式间接影响心理健康；此外，自尊可以直接影响或通过积极应对间接影响内外向维度。结论男护生自尊水平低于医疗本科男生，不同性别和专业层次的护生自尊水平差异无统计学意义。护理教育者及管理者应注重提高男护生的应对能力，培养其乐观向上的人格与职业心态，维护和提高其自尊水平，从而提高男护生的职业心理素质。

Self-esteem Status and Psychological Characteristics of Male Nursing Undergraduates

Objective To study the self-esteem status and the relationship between self-esteem and person- ality,coping style and mental health of male nursing undergraduates. Methods Altogether 105 male nursing undergraduates and 113 female nursing undergraduates from grade 2005 to 2008 in a medical university in Guangzhou were investigated with self-esteem, Eysenck personality questionnaire（EPQ）, the simplified coping style and SCL-90. Meanwhile, 193 male five-year students majoring in clinical medicine in the same grade were investigated correspondingly. Results （1） The total scores of self-esteem of male and female nursing students were（29.20±4.59） and （29.33±4.43） respectively with no significant difference. The total scores of self-esteem of male nursing students were lower than those of the male students majoring clinical medical medicine in the same university（P〈0.01）. The total scores of self-esteem of male and female undergraduates and male and female college students were（29.73±4.79）, （29.48±4.36）, （28.96±4.37） and （29.14±4.56） respectively with no significant difference. （2）There were significant differences in EPQ-E, EPQ-N, negative coping style, SCL-90 scores among different self-esteem levels of male students of nursing（P〈0.01）. （3）The scores of self-esteem were positively correlated with EPQ-E and positive coping style, but negatively correlated with EPQ-N, negative coping style, SCL-90 （P〈0.05）. （4） The path analysis showed that self-esteem indirectly influenced mental health by influencing EPQ-N and negative coping style and directly influenced or indirectly influenced EPQ-E. Conclusion The total scores of self-es- teem of male nursing students are lower than those of clinical medical undergraduates in the same university. There are no significant differences in the comparison of self-esteem between male and female students of nursing,also in professional levels. Nursing educators and managers should try their best to improve the responsiveness of male nursing students, develop their upbeat personality and professional attitude, maintain and enhance self-esteem level of male nursing students to enhance the quality of vocational psychology.