一种新生儿床旁X射线摄影装置辐射防护的临床可靠性研究

目的 分析新生儿床旁摄影防护和体位固定装置在新生儿床旁X射线摄影中的临床价值。方法 使用移动式X射线诊断机对仿真儿童体模进行投照,实验分为A组常规床旁摄影模式;B组使用床旁X射线摄影防护装置。分别在投照部位和辐射敏感部位放置X射线诊断水平剂量仪。以胸部、骨盆、头颅3个部位为投照中心,采集并记录投照部位和辐射敏感部位的辐射剂量。结果 以胸部为投照中心时,B组较A组非投照部位眼晶状体、甲状腺、性腺辐射剂量显著降低94.4%、96.9%、96.7%(t=-152.55、-445.16、-129.07,P＜0.05);以骨盆为投照中心时,B组较A组非投照部位眼晶状体、甲状腺、胸腺辐射剂量降低85.5%、87.1%、94.9%(t=-50.68、-194.18、-535.94,P＜0.05);以头颅为投照中心时,B组较A组非投照部位甲状腺、胸腺、性腺辐射剂量降低99.3%、97.4%、94.3%(t=-1859.97、-542.08、-66.26,P＜0.05)。结论 新生儿床旁X射线摄影中使用新生儿床旁摄影防护和体位固定装置可以显著降低患儿非投照区域的辐射剂量,同时具有固定和保护患儿的功能,提升了检查成功率。

Clinical reliability of radiation protection of a neonatal bedside X-ray photography device

Objective To analyze the clinical reliability of neonatal bedside photography protection and body position fixing device during neonatal bedside X-ray photography. Methods A mobile X-ray diagnostic machine was used to project the phantom of children. The samples were divided into group A with conventional bedside photography mode, and group B using neonatal bedside X-ray photography protection device. X-ray diagnostic level dosimeters were placed at the projection and radiation sensitive sites, respectively. The three parts of the chest, pelvis and skull were used as the projection center, and the radiation dose to the projection site and the radiation sensitive site were collected and recorded, and the statistical analysis was carried out. Results When the chest was taken as the center of the projection, the radiation doses to the lens of the eye, thyroid and gonad in the body model group B of children were 94.4%, 96.9% and 96.7% lower than those in the non-injected part of group A, respectively (t=-152.55, -445.16, -129.07, P<0.05). When the pelvis was taken as the projection center, the radiation doses to the lens, thyroid and thymus in the body model group B were 85.5%, 87.1% and 94.9% lower than those in the non-projection part of group A, respectively (t=-50.68, -194.18, -535.94, P<0.05). When the head was taken as the projection center, the radiation doses to thyroid, thymus and gonad in the body model group B were 99.3 %, 97.4 % and 94.3 % lower than those in the non-projection position of group A, respectively (t=-1859.97, -542.08, -66.26, P< 0.05). Conclusions The use of neonatal bedside photography protection and position fixing device during neonatal bedside X-ray photography can significantly reduce the radiation dose to children in non-projected areas under the premise of ensuring image quality. At the same time, it can fix and protect the children, improve the success rate of examination, being worthy of clinical promotion.